disease

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  • Created by: Epic Al
  • Created on: 30-06-22 16:01
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  • Disease
    • Communicable disease
      • Caused by Pathogens
        • bacteria
          • produce toxins
          • reproduce rapidly
        • viruses
          • reproduce rapidly
          • Cause cell damage
        • fungi
        • protists
        • Can be spread through air, water and direct contact
      • Prevent spread
        • simple hygiene measures
        • Destroying vectors
        • Isolating infected individuals
        • vaccination
      • Viral diseases
        • Measles
          • No cure
          • isolation of patients and vaccination prevents spread
          • can be fatal
        • HIV/AIDS
          • causes flu like illness initially
          • attacks the body's immune cells
          • AIDS occurs when immune system is so damaged it cannot protect against other disease
          • STD, exchange of bodily fluids
        • Tobacco Mosaic virus (TMV)
          • plant pathogen
          • discolours leaves and kills cells
          • no treatment
          • prevented by field hygiene and pest control
      • bacterial disease
        • Salmonella
          • fever, cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea
          • spread by not  properly cooked food
          • vaccinating chickens, good food hygiene
        • Gonorrhoea
          • STD
          • lead to infertility, pelvic pain, and ectopic prgnancies
          • antibiotics
        • In plants
          • agrobacterium tumefaciens
            • cause galls
      • fungi and protists
        • Rose black spot
          • Fungal
          • wind and water
          • photosynthesis is decreased
            • stunts growth
          • remove infected leaves and chemical sprays
        • Malaria
          • damages blood and liver cells
          • bite of female mosquitos
    • Prevention and treatment
      • vaccination
        • weakened or dead pathogen
        • the body remembers which antigens to produce
        • heard immunity
      • antibiotics and painkillers
        • antibiotics destroy bacteria without damaging cells
        • painkillers treat symptoms but not the pathogens
        • antibiotics dont destroy viruses
      • drugs
        • discovering
          • traditionally found in plants
          • penicillin was created accidently by Alexander Fleming
          • synthesised by chemists nowadays
        • developing
          • extensive testing
          • tested using cells, tissues, and live animals
          • blind tests
            • some patients are given a placebo
            • neither the patients or doctors know who has the fake drugs
      • Monoclonal antibodies
        • Making
          • have a specific side for the specific antigens
          • mouse lymphocytes create specific antibodies
        • uses
          • used for treatment of disease
          • created more side effects than expected
          • bound to a radioactive substance that transports them to the cells
    • Non-Communicable
      • can't be passed on
      • risk factors are aspects of a persons lifestyle or substances present in the body or environment
      • Cancer
        • result from abnormal uncontrolled cell division
        • benign form in one place and don't spread
        • cancerous cells invade neighbouring tissues and may spread in the blood
        • smoking, obesity, viruses, uv exposure
      • smoking
        • can cause cardiovascular disease
        • foetus exposed to smoking has restricted oxygen supply
      • diet and exercise
        • affects risk of developing cardiovascular disease
        • obesity is a strong factor for diabetes
      • Alcohol
        • can damage liver
        • can cause brain damage and death
        • can affect the development of her unborn baby

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