Digestion
- Created by: rm715
- Created on: 24-04-16 15:30
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- Digestion
- Enzymes
- Biological catalysts made of proteins which increases rate of reaction without being changed or used up
- Digestive Enzymes
- Amylase
- Breaks starch down into glucose
- Made in salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine
- Lipase
- Breaks lipids down into fatty acids and glycerol
- Made in panceas and small intestine
- Protease
- Breaks proteins down into amino acids
- Functions of Proteins
- Antibodies - released by white blood cells and help to fight disease
- Hormones - carry messages round the body
- Structural Proteins - make up tissues such as muscle
- Enzymes - control chemical reactions in body
- Functions of Proteins
- Made in stomach {pepsin}, pancreas and small intestine
- Breaks proteins down into amino acids
- Amylase
- Enzymes have an optimum temperature and pH where their activity is highest. Above this value, they become denatured.
- When denatured, substrates no longer fit into active site to produce products
- Bile
- Made in liver then stored in gallbladder
- Bile is alkaline so neutralises stomach acid after food enters small intestine
- Emulsifies fats into small droplets to provide a larger surface area for lipase to break down fats
- Digestive Organs
- Salivary gland - produces amylase
- Stomach produces protease enzyme, pepsin. Pummels food and kills bacteria in hydrochloric acid conditions
- Digestion - Large molecules are broken down into small molecules then absorbed. This can be done mechanically by teeth and muscles or chemically by enzymes and bile.
- Liver produces bile which emulsifies fats and neutralizes stomach acid
- Gallbladder - stores bile
- Pancreas produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes into duodenum.
- Small Intestine produces protease, lipase and amylase completes digestion. Blood absorbs digested food from here
- Large intestine absorbs water from food into bloodstream. Indigestible food is excreted through anus.
- Enzymes
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