Key Theorists - Crime and Deviance
- Created by: Kristina_
- Created on: 27-01-17 11:11
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- Key theorists
- Post-Modernism
- HENRY & MILONANOVI crime should include the idea of harm: reduction - where power is used to cause a victim injury and repression - where power is used to restrict human development
- Functionalists
- DURKHEIM Crime is inevitable and is beneficial because it acts as a deterrent and creates boundary setting
- COHEN crime is a harmless expression of discontent and outlet for frustration
- Marxists
- CROALL claims WCC is treated leniently because it is less visible
- PEARCE found the RC using gang crime to benefit themselves (e.g. Ford in the 1920s)
- QUINNEY claims that capitalism is crimogenic
- CHAMBLISS claims that the CJS target the WC so the law is enforced selectively
- Right Realists
- MURRAY identified an underclass which have criminal values that are normalised. Murray blamed a generous Welfare State for making the underclass happy to claim benefits
- HIRSCHI claimed the underclass commit crime because they lack control, commitment and belief
- WILSON claimed that crime is caused by incivilities in deprived areas which, if undealt with wil give the impression that 'anything goes'
- Interactionists
- BECKER explored how powerful groups have the power to label weaker groups as criminal
- LEMERT identified primary and secondary deviance - secondary deviance produces a social reaction, prejudice and discrimination
- COHEN identified how moral panics influences perceptions of crime
- Left Realists
- LEA & YOUNG proposed Social and Community Crime Prevention which aimed to improved the life chances of the less advantaged
- Neo-Marxists
- WILLIS found that 'the lads' who were WC boys actively formed an *** to resist dominant values
- CLARKE skin head culture was an active form of resistance and was a way of gaining status identity and belonging
- STYLES explored the meaning of subcultures and found that they represent a challenge and protest
- HALL explored how the elite use the media to benefit themselves through a moral panic
- Subcultural theorists
- COHEN claims that groups of a disadvantage join gangs as a way of gaining status, identity and belonging
- MILLER claims that crime and deviance are a consequence of WC values
- CLOUARD & OHLIN the type of subculture will depend on the illigitimate opportunities structures
- MATZA identified drift, subterranean values and techniques of justification to explain criminal subcultures
- Ecological theorists
- SUTHERLAN people from deprived areas associate with criminals and therefore turn criminal as they don't see it as morally wrong
- MARSHALL explored how people from sink estates become criminal - Claims the government failed to deal with major social problems such as poverty and lack of jobs in their areas
- SHAW & MCKAY claimed that cities have distinct zones with their own values and character
- HOBBS explored the Night Time Economy and found that 75% of violent crime occurred between 9pm-3am
- Post-Modernism
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