TUDOR STUFF

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Created on: 21-01-19 11:22

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Cooperation of the localities
- 1513 Subsidy
  - A flexible tax based on wealth(land, Money, Goods) that was much more successful than other forms of tax
  - Was less successful by 1603, because the system had stagnated and became corrupt
- The Law in Wales Act - 1535 and 1542
  - 1542
    - English system of law introduced
      - Reduced power of the Marcher Lords, lawlessness, and increased political stability
        Abolished Marcher Regions, to be replaced by 12 Counties. English law began to be incorporated
        
        Influence of Northern Lords reduced, but they still had military power
        More peaceful relations with Scotland was a factor
        
        Gentry/ Nobility less likely to want to rebel and cause political instability
        Reduced power of the Marcher Lords, lawlessness, and increased political stability
        Abolished Marcher Regions, to be replaced by 12 Counties. English law began to be incorporated
        
        Influence of Northern Lords reduced, but they still had military power
        More peaceful relations with Scotland was a factor
        
        Gentry/ Nobility less likely to want to rebel and cause political instability
  - 1535
- Changing role of JP’s
  - JPs had a lot of power by the end of the period with 309 Acts of Parliament placing different responsibilities on them
    - Extended royal control in localities
      - Monarchy was able to put supporting councillors and Lord Lieutenants on the County benches
  - JPs were responsible for local law and order, but they didn't have to live in that area
    - Monarchy was able to put supporting councillors and Lord Lieutenants on the County benches
  - Successful- Role of JPs expanded, so power of Government did too
- Council of the North - 1537
  - Elizabeth changed Council in 1572 for stability. Role was to stop recusants in Catholic North
  - Council oversaw Northern admin, control border raids, and manage local order
    - North became more stable
      - Elizabeth changed Council in 1572 for stability. Role was to stop recusants in Catholic North
  - Mostly Successful at extending power into the localities- However there was a rebellion in 1569
- Growth of poverty and government response
  - Population growth caused rising prices, low wages, and inflation
  - Actions taken against Vagrants were harsh, and Poor laws required the poor to register to beg
  - Not as successful- prices still rose and there was still a lot of poverty
- Royal progresses
  - Journeys that the Monarch took around the country to show their wealth and power. Also an opportunity for subjects to show support
    - Increased loyalty and stability
  - Successful-improved monarch's authority, and was good for Monarchy financially
- Increasing literacy in the yeoman class
  - Yeomen became more involved in local government
    - Less risk of Rebellion- Yeomen a part of the system so less likely to attack it
      - Caused less unrest compared to previous forms of tax
        A flexible tax based on wealth(land, Money, Goods) that was much more successful than other forms of tax
  - Greater access to education for boys in the Yeomen class
    - Yeomen became more involved in local government
      - Less risk of Rebellion- Yeomen a part of the system so less likely to attack it
        Caused less unrest compared to previous forms of tax
  - Successful in extending control- Yeomen who might have led rebellions became part of Elizabeth's system
- Increased borough representation in the Commons
  - Growth of Boroughs due to pressure from towns, industrial interests, and competition for places in Parliament
  - Most MPs were local gentry instead of townsmen (23% were townsmen in 1559)
  - Patronage used as a way to ensure supporters became MPs
    - Control in localities
      - Growth of Boroughs due to pressure from towns, industrial interests, and competition for places in Parliament
  - Partly successful- new borough seats kept nobility happy, and monarch was able to manipulate elections more easily
    - However increase of MPs as Parliament was growing in power, meant new methods of managing the Commons had to be found
- Statute of Artificers
  - Allowed JPs to control wages, which later led to an increase in poverty
    - Growth of poverty and government response
      - Population growth caused rising prices, low wages, and inflation
      - Actions taken against Vagrants were harsh, and Poor laws required the poor to register to beg
      - Not as successful- prices still rose and there was still a lot of poverty
    - Changing role of JP’s
      - JPs had a lot of power by the end of the period with 309 Acts of Parliament placing different responsibilities on them
        Extended royal control in localities
      - JPs were responsible for local law and order, but they didn't have to live in that area
      - Successful- Role of JPs expanded, so power of Government did too
  - A series of conditions that made working basically compulsory, unless you fit the criteria
  - First attempt by central government to produce legislation that would affect all problems in the Tudor society
  - Not as successful- contributed to further economic problems
    - But it did enhance role of craftsmen and food production
- Act for the relief of the poor – 1598
  - Made contribution to parish poor fund compulsory
  - First national system for dealing with the poor, and recognised that there could be an unavailability of work for the poor
    - National system instead of lots of different local systems
      - First attempt by central government to produce legislation that would affect all problems in the Tudor society
  - Successful- first national system and made poor relief compulsory
- Patronage
  - Process of giving land/ money/ titles to Gentry/ Nobility, in return for stronger support
  - Successful- By the end of Elizabeth's reign, nobility practically depended on patronage

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TUDOR STUFF

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