Coding, capacity, duration of memory- A01

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  • Created by: MollyL20
  • Created on: 04-10-21 17:15
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  • Coding, capacity, duration of memory- A01
    • Coding in the STM and LTM
      • 1. Baddeley aimed to explore the effects of acoustic and semantic encoding in the STM and LTM
      • 2. Procedure- 4 groups each group hears 5 words
        • Acoustically similar- mad, man, map, max, mat
        • Acoustically dissimilar- pit, few, cow, pen, bun
        • Semantically similar- great, big, large, huge, wide
        • Semantically dissimilar- good, huge, hot, safe, thin
      • 3. Results
        • STM
          • Acousically similar- 25% incorrect
          • Acoustically dissimilar- 45% incorrect
          • Suggests that information in the STM is coded according to sound
        • LTM
          • Semantically dissimilar- 45% incorrect
          • Semantialclly similar- 15% incorrect
          • Did worse with the semantically similar words therefore information  in the LTM  encoded accordingly to meaning
    • Capacity
      • STM- Miller
        • 1. He made observations of everyday practises. Noted that things come in sevens.
        • 2. Span of STM is about 7 items plus or minus 2 but can be improved by chinking numbers or letters together. 
      • LTM- endless, not able to measure a specific number
    • Duration
      • STM- Peterson and Peterson
        • Procedure
          • 24 students were given a consonant syllable (eg YCG) to remember and a 3 digit number to count back in 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 seconds. 
        • Findings
          • The longer the recall, the less accurate the recall.
          • At 3 seconds, 80% recalled correctly with a 3 second interval, at 18 seconds of recall, it fell to 3%
          • Suggesting that without recall, the average duration of the STM without rehearsal is 18-30 seconds. 
      • LTM- Bahrick et al 
        • Procedure
          • 392 American participants between 17 and 74
          • Recognition test: 50 photos from participants high school yearbook.
          • Free recall list: Participants listed names of their graduating class.
        • Findings
          • Participants tested 48 years after graduation were about 70% accurate in photo recognition.
          • Face recall was less accurate.

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