Coding, capacity, duration of memory- A01
- Created by: MollyL20
- Created on: 04-10-21 17:15
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- Coding, capacity, duration of memory- A01
- Coding in the STM and LTM
- 1. Baddeley aimed to explore the effects of acoustic and semantic encoding in the STM and LTM
- 2. Procedure- 4 groups each group hears 5 words
- Acoustically similar- mad, man, map, max, mat
- Acoustically dissimilar- pit, few, cow, pen, bun
- Semantically similar- great, big, large, huge, wide
- Semantically dissimilar- good, huge, hot, safe, thin
- 3. Results
- STM
- Acousically similar- 25% incorrect
- Acoustically dissimilar- 45% incorrect
- Suggests that information in the STM is coded according to sound
- LTM
- Semantically dissimilar- 45% incorrect
- Semantialclly similar- 15% incorrect
- Did worse with the semantically similar words therefore information in the LTM encoded accordingly to meaning
- STM
- Capacity
- STM- Miller
- 1. He made observations of everyday practises. Noted that things come in sevens.
- 2. Span of STM is about 7 items plus or minus 2 but can be improved by chinking numbers or letters together.
- LTM- endless, not able to measure a specific number
- STM- Miller
- Duration
- STM- Peterson and Peterson
- Procedure
- 24 students were given a consonant syllable (eg YCG) to remember and a 3 digit number to count back in 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 seconds.
- Findings
- The longer the recall, the less accurate the recall.
- At 3 seconds, 80% recalled correctly with a 3 second interval, at 18 seconds of recall, it fell to 3%
- Suggesting that without recall, the average duration of the STM without rehearsal is 18-30 seconds.
- Procedure
- LTM- Bahrick
et al
- Procedure
- 392 American participants between 17 and 74
- Recognition test: 50 photos from participants high school yearbook.
- Free recall list: Participants listed names of their graduating class.
- Findings
- Participants tested 48 years after graduation were about 70% accurate in photo recognition.
- Face recall was less accurate.
- Procedure
- STM- Peterson and Peterson
- Coding in the STM and LTM
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