Clinical
Brief mind map of AQA A2 Clinical psychology (doesn't include evaluations)
- Created by: Emma Galloway
- Created on: 12-04-13 21:57
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- Clinical Psychology
- Classification and Diagnosis
- DSM IV TR
- Multi axial
- 1. clinical syndromes
- 2. Developmental/ Personality disorders
- 3. Physical conditions
- 4. Severity of psychosocial stressors
- 5. Global assessment of functioning (GAF)
- American
- Most up to date issue = 2000
- Multi axial
- ICD 10
- British
- DSM IV TR
- Schizophrenia
- Explanations
- Biological
- Genetics
- Overproduction of biochemicals (dopamine)
- Psychological
- Psychoanalytical
- Regression to a state of narcissism in early oral stage where there is no developed ego to test reality.
- Schizophrenogenic mother
- Disintegration of the ego
- Cognitive
- Overload of sensory information
- Dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs
- Social
- Environmental triggers
- Psychoanalytical
- Biological
- Types
- Type 1 - Positive
- Passivity experiences and thought disturbances
- Hallucinations: Auditory, Somatosensory, Depersonalisation
- Primary delusions: Grandeur, Persecution, Reference, Nihlism
- Hallucinations: Auditory, Somatosensory, Depersonalisation
- Passivity experiences and thought disturbances
- Type 2 - Negative
- Thought process disorder
- Disturbance of affect
- Psychomotor distubances
- Lack of volition
- Psychomotor distubances
- Disturbance of affect
- Thought process disorder
- Type 1 - Positive
- Treatment
- Drug Therapies
- Chlorpromazine
- 1st generation (typical)
- Antagonist (blocks dopamine receptors)
- Clozapine
- Antipsychotics
- Chlorpromazine
- 1st generation (typical)
- Antagonist (blocks dopamine receptors)
- Clozapine
- Antipsychotics
- 2nd generation (atypical)
- Used when other treatments are ineffective as rare and serious side effects can occur
- Improves positive and negative symptoms
- Side effects include: drowsiness, neutropenia, seizures, variable levels of consciousness, anaemia, confusion, involuntary movements
- Antipsychotics
- Clozapine
- Improves severe agitation, aggression and excitement, disturbed thoughts, delusions and hallucinations. (positive symptoms)
- Side effects include: Drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, blurred vision, dry mouth, extrapyramidal effects
- Chlorpromazine
- 2nd generation (atypical)
- Used when other treatments are ineffective as rare and serious side effects can occur
- Improves positive and negative symptoms
- Side effects include: drowsiness, neutropenia, seizures, variable levels of consciousness, anaemia, confusion, involuntary movements
- Antipsychotics
- Clozapine
- Improves severe agitation, aggression and excitement, disturbed thoughts, delusions and hallucinations. (positive symptoms)
- Side effects include: Drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, blurred vision, dry mouth, extrapyramidal effects
- Chlorpromazine
- Psychoanalysis
- Freudian slips, Free association, Dream analysis, Transference analysis, Resistance analysis
- Gives patients insight into links between early life and symptoms
- Model substitute relationships
- Drug Therapies
- Explanations
- Abnormality
- Statisical norm
- Deviation from cultural norms
- situational norm
- developmental norm
- Abnormality as dysfunction and distress
- Studies
- Rosenhan (1973)
- Distinguishing real schizophrenic patients from pseudopatients, who faked a single symptom - in terms of a psychiatrics diagnosis
- 2 procedures
- Lewine et al (1990)
- To compare male and female brains with and without schizophrenia to see whether schizophrenia may be explained by sex differences in the brain.
- Experimental and control groups (independant groups design)
- Antipsychotic drugs
- MRI scanning (corpus callosum)
- Brown et al (1986)
- To test whether self-esteem and social support affected the likelihood of suffering depression in a year following a stressful life event
- Prospective design
- Interviews
- Rosenhan (1973)
- Bipolar Disorder
- Mania (feeling very high and overactive)
- Feeling euphoric, restlessness, extreme irritability, talking very fast, racing thoughts, lack of concentration, sleeping very little, a feeling a sense of importance, poor judgement, excessive and inappropriate spending, increased sexual drive, risky behaviour, misusing drugs/alcohol, aggressive behaviour.
- Depression (Feeling very low and lethargic)
- A sense of hopelessness, feeling empty emotionally, feeling guilty and worthless, chronic fatigue, difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much, weight loss/gain, changes in appetite, loss of interest in daily life, lack of concentration, being forgetful, suicidal feelings
- Diagnosis (DSM IV)
- Manic episode must involve a distinct period of abnormally and persistantly elevated, expansive or irritable mood, lasting at least a week plus 3 additional symptoms.
- Axis 3 - checks for an overactive thyroid glad (hyperthyroidism)
- Explanations
- Biological
- Chemiscal imbalance (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine)
- Genetics
- Social
- Environmental triggers (unbearable stress)
- Psychodynamic
- Repression
- Lack of energy/build up of energy
- Biological
- Treatment
- Drug therapies
- Lithium carbonate
- Mood stabiliser
- Affects levels and activity of certain chemicals
- Regular blood tests to monitor level of lithium
- Takes a few weeks to work (optimum)
- Many side effects
- Lithium carbonate
- CBT
- Ont to one interaction with therapist/group sessions
- Handling thoughts, perceptions and behaviour
- Healthy ways to deal with problems
- Short-term
- Drug therapies
- Mania (feeling very high and overactive)
- Classification and Diagnosis
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