Chemistry Core
- Created by: Geminem
- Created on: 16-09-14 18:39
View mindmap
- Atom
- Chemistry Core
- Cracking and Polymerisation
- Cracking is when a long chain alkane molecule is taken and a small bit is broken off to be used as Petrol or other use
- Cracking produces a short chain Alkene with a C=C double bond called a Monomer
- Cracking takes place in a very hot furnace with an Alluminium Oxide catalyst
- Cracking produces a short chain Alkene with a C=C double bond called a Monomer
- Limestone
- Limestone is made up of calcium carbonate
- Thermal decomposition is when calcium carbonate is heated
- Calcium oxide and carbon doixide are produced
- When reacted with Hydrogen calcium carbonate becomes calcium hydroxide (limewater) which can test for carbon dioxide
- Thermal decomposition is when calcium carbonate is heated
- Limestone is made up of calcium carbonate
- Polymerisation is when many monomers join togetherto make long chains
- This process opens up the C=C double bonds
- The long cahins fit well on top of one another creating a strong material
- This is how plastics are made. The heat and pessure of the reaction determine the qualities of the polymers. A high temperature and pressure produces a thin plastic
- Cracking is when a long chain alkane molecule is taken and a small bit is broken off to be used as Petrol or other use
- Metals and Extraction
- Metal ores are usually found as an oxideand they are extracted through 4 main methods
- Carbon Reduction is how to extract metals less reactive than carbon. The metal ore is placed in a furnace and heated with a catalyst. This leave the ore and carbon dioxide
- Metals extracted this was are pure which makes them soft and easy to mold however to make them stronger they are made into alloys
- An alloy is made by adding Carbon to a metal to stop the molecules sliding over each other
- Metals extracted this was are pure which makes them soft and easy to mold however to make them stronger they are made into alloys
- Electrolysis is when metals are extracted using electricity. An electrolyte(liquid) is used to carry ions which carry a charge
- Phytomining is when plants are grown in copper rich soils. They are then harvested, dried and the copper is extracted from them
- Bioleaching is when bacteria breaks the bond in copper sulfide
- Carbon Reduction is how to extract metals less reactive than carbon. The metal ore is placed in a furnace and heated with a catalyst. This leave the ore and carbon dioxide
- Metal ores are usually found as an oxideand they are extracted through 4 main methods
- Plant Oils
- Plant oils are made from saturated and unsaturated fats
- Unsaturated fats have C=C double bonds. Mono unsaturated fats have one bond whereas polyunsaturated fats have more
- Hydrogenation is when unsaturated fats are hardened. This occurs when the fat is reacted with hydrogen at 60 degrees with a nickel catalyst
- Oil and water don't mix so they are put together in an emulsion. This is when one of the liquid's droplets are emerged in the other liquid
- An emulsifier is needed for this . An emulsifier has two parts: A hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail
- The hydrophilic head immerses itself in the water
- The hydrophobic tail immerses itself in the oil droplets. as many molecules do this the oil droplets are prevented from joining and seperating from the water
- An emulsifier is needed for this . An emulsifier has two parts: A hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail
- Plant oils are made from saturated and unsaturated fats
- Earth and Atmosphere
- Phase 1 - when the earth began it's surface was mostly molten. There were many volcanoes an which gave out carbon dioxide. Any atmosphere was quickly burned away. Eventually a thin crust was formed
- Phase 2 - Green plants evolved and thrived off the carbon dioxide in the air. The oceans had formed from water vapour and now absorbed a lot of carbon dioxide. Plants were fossilised under sedimentary rocks and eventually became fossil fuels
- Phase 3- An atmosphere formed and due to plants photosynthesising oxygen was produced which eventually formed an ozone layer. This allowed more complex organisms to evolve
- Phase 2 - Green plants evolved and thrived off the carbon dioxide in the air. The oceans had formed from water vapour and now absorbed a lot of carbon dioxide. Plants were fossilised under sedimentary rocks and eventually became fossil fuels
- Phase 1 - when the earth began it's surface was mostly molten. There were many volcanoes an which gave out carbon dioxide. Any atmosphere was quickly burned away. Eventually a thin crust was formed
- Cracking and Polymerisation
- Chemistry Core
Comments
No comments have yet been made