c1.3
- Created by: ajwhitlam
- Created on: 30-10-15 15:51
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- Chemistry 1.3
- Extracting Metals
- Some un-reactive metals can be found as pure metal such as gold etc.
- Others are mined as ore and then extracted and purified.
- Ores are rocks containing the metal within compunds.
- The metal can be stripped from its compound via many methods.
- Carbon reduction
- Metals that are less reactive than carbon can be reduced by it.
- For example- iron oxide + carbon -> iron + carbon dioxide
- This reaction (for iron) takes place in a blast furnace and produces very brittle iron due to an abundance of impurities introduced in the blast furnace. This is called ' cast iron'.
- For example- iron oxide + carbon -> iron + carbon dioxide
- Metals that are less reactive than carbon can be reduced by it.
- Electroylsis
- Others can be extracted by electrolysis.
- However electrolysis can be expensive and require a lot of power.
- Such as aluminium and titanium
- Others can be extracted by electrolysis.
- Carbon reduction
- Other ways include phytomining and bioleaching
- Pyhtomining
- Plants are grown to absorb the metal compounds
- Then the plants are burnt to produce ash containing these compounds.
- Plants are grown to absorb the metal compounds
- Bioleaching
- Uses bacteria to extract the metal into a solution
- Pyhtomining
- Alloys
- A metal alloy is a mixture of 2 metals
- Extra, smaller metal atoms fill the gaps between the larger metal particles to make the alloy stronger.
- Examples
- Iron
- Usually converted into steel by adding carbon.
- Types of steel
- Low carbon- Fairly soft and can be shaped easily.
- High carbon- Extremely hard. Used in building of rigid structures
- Stainless- Resistant to corrosion. Used for cutlery as it will not rust and allow it to last a long time.
- Also metals such as copper, gold, and aluminium are used to create alloys.
- Iron
- Usually the pure metals in an alloy are too soft and fragile to be used.
- Alloys are prefered as building materials due to their increased strebgth
- Properties of metals
- The central block of elements are the 'Transition Metals'
- These metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
- They can be shaped by being bent or hammered.
- Because of this they are useful as building materials.
- They can be shaped by being bent or hammered.
- These metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
- Specific metals
- Copper
- Useful for wiring and plumbing due to its strength, malleability and electrical conductivity.
- Aluminium and titanium
- Useful for building lightweight structures such as aircraft and cans.
- This is because of a low density and resistance to corrosion
- Useful for building lightweight structures such as aircraft and cans.
- Copper
- The central block of elements are the 'Transition Metals'
- Extracting Metals
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