Core Concepts; Cell Structure & Organisation
- Created by: Former Member
- Created on: 22-11-16 09:01
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- Cell Structure & Organisation
- Chloroplast
- site of photo-synthesis
- have 2 membranes, stroma, 70s ribosomes, circular DNA, thylakoids; many make a granum
- Nucleus
- contains DNA
- site of transcription & protein synthesis
- have a nuclear envelope with pores, nucleolus, nucleoplasm
- Mitochondria
- production of ATP, where respiration occurs
- 2 membranes with inter-membrane space, inner fold to cristae, matrix, 70s ribosomes, circular DNA
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- synthesis and transport of lipids
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- ribosomes on surface
- transport proteins
- Ribosomes
- 70s (smallr) in prokaryotes, 80s (bigger) in eukaryotes
- assembled in nucleus, site of translation
- Golgi Body
- vesicles with polypeptides fuse with GB where they're modified and packaged to other cells
- produce secretory enzymes
- secrete carbs
- form lysosomes
- produce glycoproteins
- transport & store lipids
- Lysosomes
- temporary vacuoles containing harmful enzynes
- releases enzyme when cell needs to recycle worn out organelles
- Centrioles
- present in all animals
- 2 microtubules organising spindle in cell division
- Vacuoles
- fluid-filled sac storing chemicals
- Support in plant cells
- Cell Wall
- mostly cellulose held together by microfibrils
- needed for transport, strength, com-munication
- Prokaryotes
- no membrane bound organelles
- contain loose DNA, cell wall & membrane, 70s ribosomes, cytoplasm
- some have slime coat, flagella, mesosomes, plasmids
- Viruses
- no cells or organelles, core nucleic acid & protein coat, can reproduce
- enter cells and take over
- Tissues
- Epithelial: have basement memrbane
- cuboidal: one cell thick -> salivary gland
- columnar: elongated, some have cilia -> trachea
- Squamous: flattened -> alveoli walls
- Muscle
- Skeletal: on bones, gives powerful contractions, voluntary
- Smooth: in skin, spindle shaped, involuntary
- Cardiac: in heart, don't tire, myogenic; involuntary rhythm
- Connective: elastic fibres between tissues and organelles
- Epithelial: have basement memrbane
- Chloroplast
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