Carboxylic acids
carboxylic acids
- Created by: Sherin
- Created on: 12-11-12 22:16
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- Carboxylic acids
- Carboxylic acids and their derivatives all contain a carbonyl group
- Many carboxylic acids react by addition elimination reactions. These depend upon:
- The strength of the C-X bond,
- Stability of the X
- The -COOH is known as carboxyl group and consists of a carbonyl and a hydroxyl
- Boiling point: as Chain length increases boiling point increases. This occurs as more london forces as more points of contact between adjacent chains.
- Melting point: as chain length increases melting point decreases as less H-bonding due to the zig zag carbond chain.
- Strong smelling
- Can form hydrogen bonds with water as chain length increases the chain becomes more hydrophobic.
- Preparation
- Reaction of acyl chlorides with water
- Add water
- Aldehyde
- Add potassium dichromate in acid, heat under reflux
- Hydrolysis of an nitriles
- Heat under reflux with dilute acid
- Primary alcohol
- Add potassium dichromate in acid, heat under reflux
- Iodoform reactions with methyl ketones, secondary alcohols or ethanal.
- Add iodine in NaOH to reactant a carboylate ion is formed with one less carbon. Then add an acid to form carboxylic acid.
- Hydrolysis of an ester
- Transesterification or by adding an acid or better yet a base. You will need to purify the salt during the latter process by adding an excess dilute acid.
- Reaction of acyl chlorides with water
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