Carbohydrates
CARBOHYDRATES
- Created by: EClou
- Created on: 07-01-15 19:06
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- Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides
- e.g. GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE
- 1 H2O molecule per C
- 1 Sugar unit
- 3C = TRIose 4C=TETrose 5C=PENTose 6C=HEXose
- Hexose=most common
- e.g. GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE
- 1 H2O molecule per C
- Ring Structure
- e.g. GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE
- Hexose=most common
- Properties
- Sweet tasting
- H2O soluble
- Form crystals
- e.g. GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE
- Disaccharides
- Sucrose = main sugar in plant transport
- Glucose + Fructose
- Same Properties
- Monosaccharides
- 1 Sugar unit
- 3C = TRIose 4C=TETrose 5C=PENTose 6C=HEXose
- Hexose=most common
- Ring Structure
- Hexose=most common
- Properties
- Sweet tasting
- H2O soluble
- Form crystals
- Monosaccharides
- Lactose
- Glucose + Galactose
- Maltose = fermentation +germinating seeds
- Glucose + Glucose
- Alpha Glucose
- Glucose + Galactose
- Glucose + Fructose
- Alpha Glucose
- Glucose + Glucose
- Double Sugar
- Formed by Condensation
- Sucrose = main sugar in plant transport
- Polysaccharides
- Monosaccharides formed by condensation reaction giving Glycosidic bonds
- PLOYMERISATION
- Properties:
- Insoluble
- water potential not affected
- can't be crystallised
- not sweet
- Insoluble
- Starch
- Amylose
- Form a coil - compact storage molecule- metabolically inactive
- Amylopectin
- 1,4 and 1,6- Glycosidic bonds and side branches
- Alpha glucose
- 1,4-Glycosidic bonds + straight chain
- Amylose
- Form a coil - compact storage molecule- metabolically inactive
- Amylose
- 1,4-Glycosidic bonds + straight chain
- branches allow enzymes to reach G. bonds more easily + quickly release glucose
- Alpha glucose
- 1,4 and 1,6- Glycosidic bonds and side branches
- Energy store in plants
- Amylose
- Branched or Straight chains in a Helical structure
- Glycogen
- Energy store in animals
- Alpha Glucose
- MANY side branches
- branches allow enzymes to reach G. bonds more easily + quickly release glucose
- v. compact - good for storage
- 1,4 and 1,6- Glycosidic bonds and side branches
- Alpha glucose
- 1,4-Glycosidic bonds + straight chain
- 1,4-Glycosidic bonds + straight chain
- Alpha glucose
- energy storage molecule
- Starch
- Amylopectin
- Energy store in plants
- Amylopectin
- Starch
- Cellulose
- 1,4 -Long un-branched beta glucose
- for structural support found only in plants
- chains held together by H bonds forming microfibrils
- Monosaccharides formed by condensation reaction giving Glycosidic bonds
- Energy source
- respiration
- Energy Store
- Starch
- Structure
- Cellulose
- Glucose
- Alpha
- H above and OH below
- forms chains that coil
- Beta
- OH above and H below
- can't be used by animals+plants
- only forms straight chains
- Isomers of Glucose
- Beta
- OH above and H below
- can't be used by animals+plants
- only forms straight chains
- Alpha
- H above and OH below
- forms chains that coil
- Beta
- Substrate for cell respiration in all living organisms
- Alpha
- Monosaccharides
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