Carbohydrates
- Created by: Jenna Denton
- Created on: 31-10-13 05:48
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- Carbohydrates
- Sugars
- Monosaccharides
- With an aldehyde or ketose group
- Glucose C6H12O6
- 5 carbon ring = pyranose ring
- Functions = preferred respiratory substrate, the form the sugar in mammals is transported in, and it is the building blocks of other carbohydrates
- Fructose C6H12O6
- 4 carbon ring = furanose ring
- Galactose C6H12O6
- Other monosaccharides
- Deoxyribose (5C) for DNA
- Ribose (5C) for RNA
- Glyceraldehyde (3C) which is an intermediate in respiration
- Disacchardies
- Without an aldehyde or ketose group
- = 2 monosaccharides chemically joined together
- By a strong COVALENT GLYCOSIDIC bond
- Which is the result of a condensation reaction
- This produces a molecule of water
- The opposite of this is hydrolysis
- Which is the result of a condensation reaction
- By a strong COVALENT GLYCOSIDIC bond
- Examples:
- Sucrose C12H22O11
- Glucose + Fructose
- Lactose C12H22O11
- Glucose + Galactose
- Maltose C12H22O11
- Glucose + Glucose
- Sucrose C12H22O11
- General Properties
- Soluble
- Sweet
- Monosaccharides
- Non-Sugars
- General Properties
- Insoluble
- Non-reducing
- Not sweet
- Polysaccharides
- Glycogen
- alpha glucose
- Store of glucose in animals
- Similar to amylopectin except branching occurs more frequently
- Compact and easy to store
- stored in liver and muscle cells
- Starch
- alpha glucose
- Store of glycogen in plants
- Mixture of 2 polysaccharides
- Amylose (20%)
- Straight chain, 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- unbranched
- Amylopectin (80%)
- branching approx every 10 residules
- 1-6 glycosidic bonds holds side branches onto the main chain
- branching approx every 10 residules
- Amylose (20%)
- Cellulose
- Beta glucsoe
- Used in cell walls
- Glycogen
- General Properties
- contain C, H and O in a ratio of 1:2:!
- Sugars
- C1 and C4 are joined, and 1 of the Os bridges the gap
- Which is the result of a condensation reaction
- This produces a molecule of water
- The opposite of this is hydrolysis
- Which is the result of a condensation reaction
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