Carbohydrates
- Created by: N1ntendo-Sw1tch
- Created on: 26-02-23 18:25
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- Carbohydrates
- Contain hydrogen, carbon and oxygen
- Monosaccharides
- triose
- C?H?O?
- For metabolism
- e.g. glyceraldehyde
- pentose
- C?H??O?
- In nucleic acids (base/back)
- e.g. deoxyribose- DNA ribose - RNA
- hexose
- C?H??O?
- Energy (respiration)
- e.g. glucose, fructose and galactose
- alpha glucose = OH below plane of the ring
- Beta glucose= OH above plane of the ring
- general formula= C?(H?O)?
- triose
- Disaccharides
- formed by condensation
- loss of water to form new bonds
- broken down by hydrolysis
- insertion of water to break bonds
- Maltose
- Glucose + Glucose = Maltose + water
- Sucrose
- Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose + water
- used by plants to transport sugars in phloem
- Lactose
- Glucose + Galactose = Lactose + Water
- formed by condensation
- Polysaccharides
- structural - beta glucose monomer
- Cellulose
- cell wall in plant cells
- adjacent monomers flip 180 degrees with 1,4 glycosidic bonds
- straight chains held by H-Bonds
- Chains group together to form microfibrils
- High tensile strength
- fully permeable
- allows transport through apoplast pathway
- Chitin
- cell wall in fungal cells
- Exoskeleton in insects
- strong and light
- adjacent monomers flip 180 degrees like cellulose
- straight chain
- H- Bonds
- high tensile strength
- straight chain
- waterproof
- has an amino acid group added to make a mucopolysacc-haride
- Cellulose
- Energy storage - alpha glucose monomer
- Starch (plant)
- Amylose
- 1,4 glycosidic bond
- Straight chain which coils
- Compact
- Amylopectin
- 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
- Branched chain
- hydrolysed faster
- Branched chain
- 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
- too large to transport
- Insoluble
- no osmotic effect on cell
- effective storage molecule in plants
- no osmotic effect on cell
- Amylose
- Glycogen (animal)
- 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
- highly branched chain
- hydrolised faster - get energy faster
- highly branched chain
- compact
- insoluble
- no osmotic effect
- to large to transport
- 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
- Both structurally the same
- Starch (plant)
- structural - beta glucose monomer
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