Carbohydrates
- Created by: pheebsleigh99
- Created on: 12-10-16 18:33
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- Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides
- Individual sugar molecule
- Triose has 3 carbon atoms and is associated with metabolism
- Pentose has 5 carbon atoms and is associated with DNA
- Hexose has 6 carbon atoms and is glucose with the general formula: C6H12O6
- General formula= (CH20)n
- Glucose has two isomers: Alpha and Beta glucose and they are biologically different
- Cellulose= Beta Starch= Alpha
- A source of energy in respiration
- Constituents of nucleotides
- Building blocks for larger molecules e.g glycogen, starch and cellulose
- Disaccharides
- Composed of two monosaccharide units bonded together by a glycosidic bond
- Formed by a condensation reaction
- Glycosidic bonds are separated by hydrolysis
- Maltose is made by glucose and glucose
- Lactose is made by glucose and galactose
- Sucrose is made by glucose and fructose
- SWEET, SOLUBLE AND CRYSTALLINE
- Polysaccharides
- A polymer which is formed from many monomers that are linked by glycosidic bonds
- Glucose is the main source of energy in many cells and it must be stored in an appropriate form
- We convert glucose into a storage product know as starch to stop water being taken into the cell by osmosis
- Starch
- Grains are found in high concentrations in seeds and storage organs such as potato tubes
- Made of alpha glucose molecules bonded together forming two different products:
- Amylose
- Linear, unbranched molecules with 1-4 glycosidic bonds which creates an alpha helix
- Component of starch and also main food storage material in plants
- Amylopectin
- Monomers joined with 1-4 glycosidic bonds and also cross linked with alpha 1-6 glycosidic bonds which can fit inside the amylose
- Storage material in plants
- Amylose
- Glycogen
- Made of alpha glucose molecules
- 1-6 and 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- Cellulose
- Made of beta glucose
- Beta linkage because adjacent glucose is rotated 180 degrees
- Required for strength
- Organic compounds containingthe elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- Monosaccharides
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