GCSE: OCR Gateway: C1: Making Craking Useful
- Created by: 09tvzutphen
- Created on: 04-04-14 15:30
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- C1
- Fossil Fuels
- Finite as they can no longer be made or are being made very slowely
- Making Crude Oil Useful
- Fractional Distillation
- Crude oil is a mixture of many types of oil which are all hydrocarbons
- Crude oil is heated at the bottom of a fractionating column
- Fraction (from highest bp to lowest):LPG, petrol, paraffin, diesel, heating oil, fuel oils, bitumen
- Crude oils can be separated as hydrocarbons in different fractions have differently sized molecules
- Intermolecular bonds are broken during boiling
- The molecules of liquid separate from each other as molecules of gas
- Large molecules such as bitumen have strong forces of attraction so a lot of energy is needed to break the intermolecular forces so these fractions have high boiling points
- Smaller molecules such as petrol have weak intermolecular forces between them and so are easily seperated
- Less energy is needed to break the intermolecular forces between the molecules so these fractions have low boiling points
- The molecules of liquid separate from each other as molecules of gas
- Intermolecular bonds are broken during boiling
- Making Crude Oil Useful
- The Problems of Extracting Crude Oil
- Transportation: Oil slicks damage bird feathers and causes their deaths + clean up operations use detergents that can damage the wildlife
- Political: UK dependant on oil and gas from politically unstable countries + oil producing nations set high prices and cause problems for the future supply of non-oil producing nations
- Demand: as demand is high there is conflict between the needs for making petrochemicals and for making fuels e.g. naphtha is a fraction in high demand for medicine, plastics, and dyes
- Cracking
- Turns large alkane molecules into smaller alkane + alkene molecules
- Using Carbon Fuels
- Choosing Fuels
- Fuel is chosen for its key features e.g. coal produces more pollution than petrol
- The amount of fossil fuels being burnt is increasing due to the increasing population
- Government are worried due to the increase in CO2 emissions
- Countries with large populations (e.g. India) are using more fuel adding to gas emissions
- Combustion
- Complete combustion is where a fuel is burnt in plenty of oxygen
- More energy released then in incomplete combustion
- CH4 + 2O2 = Co2 + 2H2O
- Burning hydrocarbons with a lot of air: methane + oxygen = carbon dioxide +water
- Complete combustion is where a fuel is burnt in plenty of oxygen
- Choosing Fuels
- Fossil Fuels
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