Breathing and Respiration
- Created by: Caulscott7
- Created on: 26-10-16 20:04
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- Breathing and Respiration
- Breathing
- Inhalation
- Ribs move up and out
- External intercostal muscles contract, internal relax
- Diaphragm contracts
- Volume of air in lungs increases
- Exhalation
- External intercostal muscles relax, internal contract
- Diaphragm relaxes to dome shape
- Ribs move down and in
- Volume of thorax decreases
- Pressure increases
- Volume of air in lungs decreases
- Inhalation
- Alveoli
- Thin walls, makes diffusion easier
- Moist surface, makes gases dissolve
- Good blood supply, maintains conc. gradient
- Large surface area, blood can receive more oxygen
- Gas Exchange
- Total lung capacity: Amount of air you can hold in your lungs
- Tidal Volume: Normal, resting breathing
- Vital Capacity: When you force out all the air in your lungs
- Residual Volume: Air remaining after forcing all the air out your lungs
- Exercise
- Breathing rate increases so more oxygen can be diffused into blood
- Heart rate increases so that blood can supply oxygen to muscles quicker
- Aerobic Respiration: Releases energy, happens in mitochondria, requires oxygen. More efficient.
- Anaerobic Respiration: Releasing energy without oxygen. Less efficient.
- (Anaerobic) Glucose ---> Lactic Acid + Some Energy
- Smoking
- Cilia (which keep airways clear) are destroyed.
- Emphysema: Walls of alveoli damaged, less SA, makes breathing difficult/less oxygen
- Lung Cancer: Tar collects in lungs, which contains carcinogens. A tumour is formed. Often discovered late due to lack of pain
- Cigarette smokes contains 17 chemical known to cause cancer and these are contained in the tar
- Carbon Monoxide: Combines with haemoglobin tighter than oxygen (carboxyhaemaglobin). Lower oxygen supply.
- Nicotine: Addictive, makes smoking hard to give up
- Breathing
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