Brachiopods
- Created by: rosie.may7
- Created on: 03-05-16 18:40
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- Brachiopods
- Morphology
- Pedicle Valve
- Diductor muscle attachment
- Pedicle Foramen
- Pedicle
- Deltidal plates
- Adductor muscle attachment
- Brachial Valve
- Cardinal Process
- Brachidium
- Lophophore
- Growth lines
- Commissure
- Umbo
- Muscle scars
- Cilla
- Pedicle Valve
- Adaptations
- Turbulent water
- Large pedicle opening, the support a large pedicle form secure substrate attachment
- Strongly ribbed valves to strengthen shell against wave action
- folded/zigzagged margin reduces the amount of sediment which can enter the shells when the valves are open
- Thick heavy shell to provide extra stability
- Quiet water
- May have a median fold/sulcis, to prevent mixing of fresh and stale water and waste
- May have extensions of valves to form 'wings' which provide a large surface area to prevent sinking into the sediment
- smooth weakly ribbed valves, due to the quiet conditions
- no pedicle opening as there is no need for a pedicle attachment
- Soft, muddy substrate
- large flat with a large resting area to provide a large surface area to prevent sinking into the sediment
- one margin of the shell may be turned up away from the sediment to ensure some of the shell is outside of the sediment form feeding
- Turbulent water
- Types of brachiopods
- Terebratulids
- Devonian to recent (extant)
- Astrophic hinge line (curved)
- circular pedicle foramen
- smooth ovoid valves
- found in oolites and sandstones. could live in high-energy environment
- Productids
- Devonian to permian (extinct)
- thick semicircular shells
- Strophic hinge line
- both valves have radiating ribs and hollow tubular spines
- no pedicle opening, so probably used long fragile spines for anchorage to the substrate
- Spiriferids
- Ordovician to Jurassic (extinct)
- long strophic hinge line
- lophophore support system is spiralled in shape
- often have a fold and sulcus in the middle of each valve
- Rhynchonellids
- ordovician to recent (extant)
- Astrophic hinge line
- strongly ribbed valves
- zigzagged commisure
- small pedicle foramen
- strong fold and sulcus
- Terebratulids
- Cambrian to recent (extant)
- Brachiopoda
- Morphology
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