Bloody code and Transportaion
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?- Created by: GummyBear
- Created on: 10-05-16 20:21
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- BLOODY CODE AND TRANSPORTATION
- TRANSPORTATION
- MAY 1287 - first fleet of ships to Australia - transportation had already been around for 100yrs but the American colonies gained indepedence
- Prisons and hulks becoming overcrowded
- 160,000 people sentenced to Transportation - 7yrs, 14yrs or life
- 80% were thieves, 3% violent crimes - only 25,000 women transported
- WHY INTRODUCE TRANSPORTATION
- Alternative to hanging needed
- It would reduce the crime in Britain by removing the criminals
- Australia was unknown so it would have acted as a deterrent to criminals
- Transportation would help Britain to claim Australia as part of the British Empire and claim resources
- Transportation would reform criminals - forced to work and learn skills
- THE VOYAGE
- 9 month voyage, 1830s - 4 month voyage and only 1% of convicts died on the voyage
- Cramped and unpleasant conditions - disease spread easily by rats
- ARRIVAL
- Assigned to settlers - sentence became whatever work their master gave them
- Masters provided food, clothes and shelter
- Good conduct won a 'ticket of leave' for early relase
- TRANSPORTATION SUCCESSFUL
- Courts prepared to sentence people to transportation
- Had been successful in reforming convicts
- Australia was cleralty established as part of the British empire
- TRANSPORTATION UNSUCCESSFUL
- Crime rate hadn't fallen
- Seen as a 'summer excursion' and a opputunity to set a new life
- Prisons were cheaper to run
- 1851 - Gold discovered in Australia so everyone wanted to go to Australia
- HARSH / SOFT PUNISHMENT
- SOFT - Ticket of leave, escaped death, could be treated well by masters
- HARSH - Terrible conditions in Tasmania - prisoners whipped and forced to do hard physical labour, separated from families
- MAY 1287 - first fleet of ships to Australia - transportation had already been around for 100yrs but the American colonies gained indepedence
- BLOODY CODE
- People were executed for major and minor crimes such as poaching and selling under-weight bread in the 17th century to the early 19th century
- Reasons to introduce the Bloody Code: Used as a deterrent for criminals, Rise in crime - no police force and people were more aware of crime, protect wealthy landowners (MPs) property from the poor
- Executions were always public to act as a deterrent to others
- The Waltham Black Act in 1723 added 50 new crimes to the Bloody Code - by 1815, 225 crimes punishable by death
- REASONS TO ABOLISH THE BLOODY CODE/ UNSUCCESSFUL PUNISHMENT
- Juries stopped finding people guilty of minor crimes as they thought execution was too harsh
- Public executions were now seen as entertainment to the public so were no longer a deterrent to criminals, they became the place for cheering and fights
- Attitudes towards punishments were now changing - REFORM INSTEAD OF PUNISHMENT
- SUCCESSFUL PUNISHMENT
- Decrease in the crime rate - successful deterrent
- Number of executions decreased
- Protected the wealthy
- ABOLISHED IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY
- TRANSPORTATION
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