Biology B3.1
- Created by: Will Pound
- Created on: 10-03-14 20:57
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- Biology B3.1
- Osmosis
- Water diffuses from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane
- Is the diffusion of water
- Water moves into or out of cells by osmosis through the cell membrane
- Active transport
- Active transport allows cells to take in substances against a concentration gradient
- Active transport uses energy from respiration
- Ions, from dilute solutions, and other substances such as sugar can be absorbed by active transport
- Sports drinks
- Most soft drinks contain
- Water to replace water lost when sweating
- Sugar to replace sugar used for energy release in exercise
- Mineral ions to replace those lost in sweating
- For normal levels of exercise, water is likely to be as effective as a sports drink
- Most soft drinks contain
- Exchanging materials - the lungs
- Large organisms need exchange surfaces
- Exchange surfaces have features to make them efficient
- The lungs are adapted to be an efficient exchange surface
- Ventilating the lungs
- The breathing system is designed to move air in and out of the lungs
- Ventilation occurs due to changes of pressure inside the chest
- Articicial breathing aids
- Some people cannot get enough oxygen into their bloodstream
- If alveoli are damaged
- If tubes leading to the lungs are narrowed, less oxygen can be moved through them
- Some people cannot get enough oxygen into their bloodstream
- Exchange in the gut
- The villi are an efficient exchange surface for the absorption of the soluble products of digestion by diffusion or active transport
- Villi provide a large surface area and have a good blood supply
- Villi line the inner surface of the small intestine
- Exchange in plants
- The stomata in plants leaves allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf from the atmosphere
- Leaves are flat and thin with internal air spaces to increase the surface area for diffusion of gases
- Root hair cells increase the surface area of roots
- Transpiration
- Water is lost from the leaves by evaporation
- The water vapour escapes the leaf through the stomata when they open to allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf
- Wilting can protect the leaf from excessive water loss
- Osmosis
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