cells, tissues and organs
- Created by: boy_repellent
- Created on: 09-04-14 18:36
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- Cells, Tissues and Organs
- Animal & Plant Cells
- most human cells and animal cells contain:
- nucleus- controls cells activities
- cytoplasm- where chemical reactions take place
- cell membrane- controls movement of materials in and out of cell
- mitochondria- energy is released here during aerobic respiration
- Ribosomes- where protein synthesis takes place
- Plant cells also have:
- a rigid cell wall made of cellulose for support
- chloroplasts- contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis (it absorbs energy)
- permanent vacuole- contains cell sap
- most human cells and animal cells contain:
- Bacteria & Yeast
- bacteria is microscopic. contains cell membrane and a cell wall surrounding cytoplasm
- cytoplasm is the genetic material because there is no nucleus
- bacteria multiples to form bacterial colonies
- Yeast is single celled organism
- contains: nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane surrounded by cells wall
- bacteria is microscopic. contains cell membrane and a cell wall surrounding cytoplasm
- Specialised cells
- cells with many mitochondria need a lot of energy (muscle/sperm cell)
- cells with many ribosomes makes a lot of protein (gland cells which produce enzymes)
- cells with tail are able to move (sperm cells)
- receptor cells are able to detect stimuli (cone cells in eyes are light sensitive)
- neurons carry impulses from receptors to CNS
- plant cells with many chloroplasts will be photosynthesising (mesophyll cells of a leaf)
- root hair cells increase the surface area to absorb water/minerals efficiently
- Diffusion
- spreading out of the particles of a gas or any substance in solution
- net movement into or out of cells depends on the concentration of the particles
- net (overall) movement from an area of high concentration and lower concentration
- difference in concentration is called the concentration gradient
- the larger the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion
- difference in concentration is called the concentration gradient
- net (overall) movement from an area of high concentration and lower concentration
- examples: the diffusion of oxygen into the cells of the body from the bloodstream (respiration)
- carbon dioxide into actively photosynthesising plant cells
- simple sugars and amino acids from the gut through cell membranes
- carbon dioxide into actively photosynthesising plant cells
- Tissues and Organs
- during the development of multicellular organisms the cells differentiate
- tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function
- Animal tissues include:
- muscle tissue: contract to bring movement
- glandular tissue: produce enzymes and hormones etc
- epithelial tissue: covers some parts of the body
- Plant tissues include:
- epidermal tissue: covers the plant
- mesophyll: photosynthesise
- xylem and phloem: transports substances around the plant
- Animal tissues include:
- tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function
- the stomach is an organ made of:
- muscular tissue: churn contents
- glandular tissue: produces digestive juices
- epithelial tissue: to cover the stomach
- leaf, stem and root are all plant organs
- the digestive system changes food from insoluble into soluble molecules so they can be absorbed into the blood
- includes: pancreas & salivary glands (produces digestive juices), stomach (digestion occurs), liver (produces bile), small intestine (absorption of soluble foods occur), large intestine (where water is absorbed to produce faeces)
- during the development of multicellular organisms the cells differentiate
- Animal & Plant Cells
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