biological molecules
- Created by: Aimee Gernon
- Created on: 29-05-14 11:46
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- Biological Molecules
- WATER
- Uses
- Temperature control
- transports substances e.g. glucose and oxygen
- its a reactant for a lot of important chemical reactions
- its a solvent so substances can dissolve in it
- water molecules are held together by covalent bonds between 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
- has high specific heat capacity because of hydrogen bonds
- this is useful to living organisms because it stops rapid temperature changes
- has high latent heat of evaporation because of hydrogen bonds
- this is good for living organisms as water is god for cooling things down
- waters polarity makes it cohesive
- this is good as it helps water to flow and helps for transportation of substances
- Uses
- PROTEINS
- MADE OF LONG CHAINS OF AMINO ACIDS
- 2 amino acid joined together form a DIPEPTIDE
- 2 or more amino acids joined together forms a POLYPEPTIDE
- all amino acids have a carboxyl group -COOH and a amino group -NH2
- amino acids are joined together by PEPTIDE BONDS (water is released)
- proteins have 4 structural levels
- PRIMARY STRUCTURE
- sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
- held together by PEPTIDE BONDS
- sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
- SECONDARY STRUCTURE
- chain coils into alpha helix or folded into beta pleated sheet
- caused by HYDROGEN BONDING
- chain coils into alpha helix or folded into beta pleated sheet
- TERTIARY STRUCTURE
- coiled or folded chain is coiled and folded further
- IONIC DISULFIDE HYDRPHOBIC HYDROPHILIC HYDROGEN BONDS
- coiled or folded chain is coiled and folded further
- QUATERNARY STRUCTURE
- proteins can be made my several different polypeptide chains
- this 4th structure is the way in which polypeptide chains are assembled
- bonds depend on the type of tertiary structure
- proteins can be made my several different polypeptide chains
- PRIMARY STRUCTURE
- MADE OF LONG CHAINS OF AMINO ACIDS
- CARBOHY- DRATES
- made from MONO- SACCHARIDES
- GLUCOSE is a monosaccharide with 2 types, alpha and beta
- Difference between them is the position of the H and OH
- glucose is a main energy source its structure makes it soluble
- 2 monosaccharides form DISACCHARIDES
- 2 or more Monosaccharides form a polysaccharide
- monosaccharides join together by GLYCOSIDIC BONDS
- GLUCOSE is a monosaccharide with 2 types, alpha and beta
- there are 3 main polysaccharides:
- STARCH
- its insoluble so water doesn't enter
- AMYLOSE
- long unbranched chain of alpha glucose coiled structure
- AMYLOPECTIN
- long branched chain of beta glucose
- energy storage in plants
- STARCH
- made from MONO- SACCHARIDES
- LIPIDS
- TRIGLYCERIDES
- 1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
- mainly storage molecules and insoluble
- PHOSPHOLIPIDS
- 1 phosphate group, 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
- they make up the bilayer of cell membrane
- hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
- CHOLESTEROL
- 1 hydroxyl group, hydrocarbon rings and 1 hydrocarbon tail
- cholesterol can fit between phospholipid in bilayer
- they allow membrane to become more rigid and less fluid
- TRIGLYCERIDES
- WATER
- energy storage in plants
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