Eating behaviours
- Created by: izzy89
- Created on: 28-11-15 23:17
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- Homeostasis/Dual centre theory
- Hypothalamus
- Untitled
- Untitled
- Biological explanations
- Eating behaviours
- Psychological explanations
- Boundary model (Herman & Polivys)/ Restraint theory (Herman & Mack)
- We all have a biological boundary for food intake.
- Below the lower point, we feel hugry
- Above the upper point we feel bloated.
- Between these points physiological factors determine the precise amount of food we eat.
- Dieters tend to have a lower point of hunger and a higher level of satiety.
- Dieters set a self-imposed desired intake somewhere between the lower and upper points.
- Leads to a dishinhibtion effect, where the dieter passes their satiety level.
- Dieters set a cognitive boundary on what they eat.
- Support
- Herman & Mack
- 45 female student participants
- Preload taste test paradigm
- Independent design
- 1. no preload 2. preload= one milkshake 3. preload= two milkshakes
- All three groups given 3 tubs of ice-cream.
- Participants divided into low and high restraint groups based on questionnaires completed before the experiment.
- Found those i high restraint groups who had 2 milkshakes, had the most ice-cream after.
- Participants divided into low and high restraint groups based on questionnaires completed before the experiment.
- Herman & Mack
- We all have a biological boundary for food intake.
- Theory of ironic process (Cognitive)
- Wegner
- The dieter tries to repress thoughts of forbidden foods.
- They become preoccupied with the forbidden food and it becomes more attractive.
- This denial often backfires.
- They become preoccupied with the forbidden food and it becomes more attractive.
- The dieter tries to repress thoughts of forbidden foods.
- Support
- Wegner
- Asked participants to not think about a white bear, but to ring a bell if they did.
- Other participants were told to think about the white bear and to ring the bell when they did.
- Those told not to think about the white bear thought about it more.
- Wardle & Beadle
- 27 obese women were randomly assigned to a diet group, an exercise group and a control group.
- All took part in a laboratory procedure to asses their food intake at weeks 4 and 6.
- Results indicated that participants in the diet group ate more than the other groups.
- Wegner
- Wegner
- Redden: detail- if you focus on the detail of food it will make it more appealing and keep you committed in the long=term to the regime.
- 135 participants each given 22 jelly beans.
- Group 1= no detail given Group 2= more detail given.
- Participants got bored faster if they saw little information and enjoyed the task more if given more specific info.
- Group 1= no detail given Group 2= more detail given.
- 135 participants each given 22 jelly beans.
- Boundary model (Herman & Polivys)/ Restraint theory (Herman & Mack)
- Psychological explanations
- Homeostasis/Dual centre theory (Neural mechanisms)
- Lateral Hypothalamus
- Feeding centre (stimulates feeding)
- Decrease in leptin in adipocytes and in the blood stream.
- Decrease in blood glucose.
- Increase in ghrelin secreted from the stomach.
- Feeding centre (stimulates feeding)
- Ventromedial Hypothalamus
- Satiety centre (inhibits feeding)
- Increase in blood glucose.
- Increase in leptin in adipocytes and in the blood stream.
- Decrease in ghrelin secreted from the stomach.
- Satiety centre (inhibits feeding)
- Support
- Hetherington & Ranson
- Rat's VMH lesioned.
- Developed over-eating and obesity.
- Cummings et al
- Monitored P's ghrelin levels every 5 mins.
- Self assessed hunger every 30 mins.
- 5 out of 6 P's had a significant correlation between ghrelin levels and hunger.
- Monitored P's ghrelin levels every 5 mins.
- Licino found Turkish family with leptin deficiency
- Injected them with leptin and found they lost at least half of their body weight.
- Hetherington & Ranson
- Oppose
- Gold
- Lesioned rats VMH, did not find any over-eating.
- When the whole hypothalamus was lesioned= over-eating.
- Lesioned rats VMH, did not find any over-eating.
- Weinsner suggests that overweight people actually have increased leptin.
- Gold
- Lateral Hypothalamus
- Evolutionary
- EEA: Environment of Evolutionary Adaption, refers to the African Savannah.
- Used to be herbivore.
- Meat= high protein+ less effort for more= adaptive.
- Sweet food= high in energy, good for hunting and getting around.
- Used to be herbivore.
- Natural selection
- Current environment
- Evolutionary attraction to sweet foods= bad for our environment.
- Adaption to meat is not necessary now, we are able to avoid it if that is our choice. It does not give someone a higher or lower status.
- Adaptive problems our ancestors face have shaped our food preferences.
- Evolutionary attraction to sweet foods= bad for our environment.
- Hunters that got the meat would reap the benefits= wife+ high status.
- Current environment
- Taste aversion
- If a person is given a small dose of something that makes them feel ill, they will remember this.
- Aversion to this taste becomes a learned behaviour.
- It also becomes an adaptive behaviour as humans bodies develop to recognise these tastes and avoid them.
- Aversion to this taste becomes a learned behaviour.
- If a person is given a small dose of something that makes them feel ill, they will remember this.
- Support
- Gibson & Wardle
- Found in 4/5 year olds a preference for bananas and potatoes which would have been adaptive in our EEA.
- Desor et al
- Found newborn babies demonstrate innate preference for sweet tasting and rejection of bitter tasting, shown by facial expressions.
- Buss
- In modern hunter-gatherer societies men gained status, power and a mate if they catch more meat.
- Logue
- The human tongue seems to have specific receptors for detecting sweetness, suggests an importance of sweet foods.
- Bell et al found that when Eskimos were given sweet foods they readily accepted them, suggests underlying preference for sweet foods.
- Bernstein
- Gave 3 groups of children ice-cream+ chemotherapy, ice-cream and chemotherapy.
- later given a choice to eat the ice cream or not. Found that those that had it before without the treatment were more likely to have it.
- Also found that those that associated the ice-cream with chemotherapy were the least likely to want it again.
- later given a choice to eat the ice cream or not. Found that those that had it before without the treatment were more likely to have it.
- Gave 3 groups of children ice-cream+ chemotherapy, ice-cream and chemotherapy.
- Gibson & Wardle
- Oppose
- Dunn
- Argues that we didn't evolve to eat meat, it just happened upon us. Compared to other carnivores, we prefer meat in a form that does not resemble the original animal.
- Dunn
- EEA: Environment of Evolutionary Adaption, refers to the African Savannah.
- Eating behaviours
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