B2- Keeping Healthy
- Created by: superlouasaur
- Created on: 18-03-15 19:31
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- B2- Keeping Healthy
- Micro-organisms
- Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi
- Viruses- flu, polio, common cold, AIDs and measles
- Bacteria- Tonsillitis, tuberculosis, plague, cystis
- Split quickly in warm, moist environment with nutrients
- Fungi- Athletes foot, thrush, ringworm
- Reproduce quickly
- Cause symptoms
- By damaging the cells or making poison (toxins)
- Have medicines to cure Bacteria and fungi not viruses
- Take medicines to make us feel better until our bodies get rid of the viruses
- Very small: Viruses smallest, Fungus biggest
- Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi
- Fighting disease
- White blood cells
- One type engulfs the bacteria and digests it
- The worn out white blood cells, dead bacteria and broken cells form as pus in a cut
- (redness and pus are signs the body is fighting infection)
- Immune system
- The parts of your body that fight infections
- Antibiotics
- Antimicrobial chemicals that kill Bacteria and Fungus
- Some just stop reproduction
- Antibodies
- Produced by another type of white blood cell
- Antibodies stick to foreign antigen markers
- Once your body has created the anti bodies, memory cells remember them so are less likely to get the same illness twice
- Illnesses with high mutation rates are less likely to be stopped by antibodies
- White blood cells
- Vaccines
- Aim to stop catching diseases in the first place
- Kick start white blood cells antibody production
- Small amount of dead or inactive form of the disease are put into your body
- White blood cells the recognize the foreign micro-organisms and produce the right antibodies
- Antibodies make the microorganisms stick together so can be engulfed
- Memory cells are kept
- Micro-organisms are killed before they make you ill
- Memory cells are kept
- Antibodies make the microorganisms stick together so can be engulfed
- White blood cells the recognize the foreign micro-organisms and produce the right antibodies
- People can react differently to vaccinations
- Benefits usually outweigh the risks
- Resistant bacteria
- If the full course of antibiotics is not completed
- Mutations make them resistant
- Resistant bacteria reproduce so the antibiotic is now useless against it
- If people take antibiotics unnecessarily
- New medicines
- Takes years of research and lots of money
- Human cell tests (with the disease)
- Test how well the chemical works against the disease
- Gives an idea of how safe it is on a cell
- Animal tests
- To see how well it works on a whole body not just a cell
- Clinical trials/ Human trials
- Most effective/ representative
- Test for side effects
- Placebos can be used
- Blind trials
- Open- everyone knows Blind- doctor knows Double blind- no one knows
- Circulation
- Arteries = thickest veins= middle +valves capillaries= small
- Heart
- 4 chambers
- top two (atrium) receive blood
- Bottom two (ventricles) thick muscle to pump blood
- 4 chambers
- Blood enters from the right hand side, pumps it to the blood to get oxygen.
- Then goes into the right which pumps it around the body
- Heart attacks
- Heart requires oxygen as it is a muscle
- When fat builds up in coronary arteries
- Artery becomes blocked
- Becomes starved of oxygen, cells die
- High blood pressure increases the risk
- Heart requires oxygen as it is a muscle
- Heart disease
- Any illness of the heart
- Lifestyle choices can cause it
- Causes of disease
- Correlation between smoking and lung cancer
- Chemicals in cigarettes damage the cells in lungs
- Correlation between smoking and lung cancer
- Changing to stay the same
- Salt levels and water
- Control nutrients
- Remove of carbon dioxide and Urea
- A receptor-> a processing center-> an effector
- Kidneys
- Control water balance
- Keeping conditions the same- homeostasis
- Micro-organisms
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