B1- you and your genes
- Created by: moggymogs123
- Created on: 08-10-16 20:19
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- B1- you and your genes
- Genes, DNA and Chromosomes
- Chromosomes are short sections of DNA.
- Decides whether male/female
- MALE- X and Y chromosome
- Y=testosterone=male reproduction
- FEMALE- ** chromosome
- MALE- X and Y chromosome
- Decides whether male/female
- Genes are instructions for making proteins, and these control what a cell does and an organism's characteristics
- Proteins=important
- Structural- support development of body etc.
- skin hair blood cytoplasm. (collagen- tendons and bones)
- Functional- Aid bodily functions
- enzymes help digestion and breaking foods down (amylase- starch to sugars)
- Structural- support development of body etc.
- ALLELES- different versions of the same gene
- Gametes (sperm and egg)
- 23 single chromosome pairs
- Don't look the same as parents- not the same alleles- combinations...
- 23 single chromosome pairs
- HOMOZYGOUS - two alleles the same for a gene
- HETEROZYGOUS- two different alleles for the same gene
- DISORDERS- some inherited... one or both parents carry faulty allele
- Recessive- cystic fibrosis
- sticky mucus, breathing difficulty, infections, digesting food
- (f) both parents have to be carriers/sufferers
- Dominant- huntingtons
- tremors, clumsiness,bad memory/concentration.
- h if one parent has the allele- child has 50%chance
- Recessive- cystic fibrosis
- Gametes (sperm and egg)
- Proteins=important
- Phenotype- the characteristics an organism shows
- Genotype- the genes an organism has
- Chromosomes are short sections of DNA.
- Variation
- Gametes (sperm and egg)
- 23 single chromosome pairs
- Don't look the same as parents- not the same alleles- combinations...
- 23 single chromosome pairs
- Gametes (sperm and egg)
- Genetic testing
- in vitro fertilistation (IVF)
- PGD (pre-implantation genetic diagnosis)... healthy embryos selected
- ISSUES
- Not 100%accurate (neg-pos)
- contamination/misinterpretation
- Not totally safe
- miscarriages
- is it right to terminate? (religion and abortion??)
- technology=better lifestyle.. not fair for abortion?
- Not 100%accurate (neg-pos)
- in vitro fertilistation (IVF)
- Clones (genetically identical organisms
- Asexual reproduction (1parent)
- Bacteria(multiply so quickly)
- PLANTS- horizontal runners (new clones at tips- strawberry plants)
- bulbs (garlic)
- TWINS- embryo into 2... separate forms!
- LAB CLONES
- Nucleus removed to leave empty cell, adult donor nucleus inserted in place, cell stimulated to divide like embryo.
- Asexual reproduction (1parent)
- STEM CELLS (unspecialised) Develop depending on instruction
- Embryonic
- embryos- can develop into anything
- sick people- heart muscle cells, insulin producing (diabetes)
- Adult
- maintaining/repairing old/damaged cells (can be extracted from bone marrow)
- blood diseases- sickle cell anaemia... (marrow transplants)
- maintaining/repairing old/damaged cells (can be extracted from bone marrow)
- Embryonic
- Genes, DNA and Chromosomes
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