B1- Cell Structure

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  • Created by: liv.moz
  • Created on: 12-04-22 14:26
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  • B1- Cell Structure
    • Cells
      • Animal and plant cells
        • Both EUKARYOTIC cells.
          • Both have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus
        • Both have: cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria and a cell membrane
        • ONLY plant cells have: chloroplast, vacuole and cell wall
      • Single-celled organisms
        • Bacteria-PROKARYOTIC cells, have no nucleus.
          • Has as cell membrane, plasmids, cell wall, and cytoplasm
          • BOTH have cell membrane, cytoplasm and cell wall.
            • Both EUKARYOTIC cells.
              • Both have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus
      • Specialised Cells
        • Specialised cells have components that allow them to complete a specific purpose.
        • They include: red blood cells, sperm cells, eggs, nerve cells, muscle cells, ciliated cells and villi.
          • Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body which is needed for respiration. They do not have a nucleus so more space for oxygen. Flat disc shape with dips on both sides- larger surface area.
          • Sperm cells used for fertilisation to form an embryo. Tail moves them towards the egg. Many mitochondria release energy for movement.
    • Magnification
      • Image size= Actual size x magnification
      • Converting to a SMALLER unit= multiply
      • Convrting to a BIGGER unit= divide
      • To calculate actual size: measure image with ruler, convert length to micrometers and use calculation
        • 1000 micrometers in a milimetre.
      • Calculating OVERALL magnification:  mag.of eyepiece lens   MULTIPLIED  mag. of objective lens
      • 1 x 10-1=0.1     1 x 10-2=0.01 etc.
    • Differentiation
      • Process by which a cell turns into a specialised cell
        • Once it has become differentiated it only expresses the genes that produce the proteins characteristic for that type of cell
      • Animal cells differentiate at an early stage, whereas plant cells can differentiate throughout life
    • Magnification and resolution
      • Magnification is the ability to make small objects seem larger.
      • Resolution is the ability to distinguish 2 objects from each other.
      • Light microscopes magnify up to about x2000 and have a resolving power of about 200nm
      • Electron microscopes magnify up to x1M and have a resolving power of 0.2nm.

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