Attempts to Overcome Inequality
- Created by: DaisyR13
- Created on: 08-06-14 20:47
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- Attempts to Overcome Inequality
- The Debate over Equality
- Busing, taking children from black neighbourhoods to schools in white neighbourhoods because they were better
- Some wanted positive discrimination to help racial minorities and change the rules in their favour
- Set aside a certain number of places for racial minorities in schools, universities or even jobs
- Some felt passing laws to enforce equality was not enough, didn't prevent discrimination in jobs, education etc.
- What is Affirmative Action?
- Gratz V Bollinger 2003 ruled against Michigan's entry policy of awarding AA and Hispanic applicants 20 out of 150 points they need for admission
- Grutter V Bollinger 2003 allowed a limited type of AA in education but put a time limit that it shouldn't be needed by 2028
- Fisher V UT 2013, she couldn't get into the university because of AA and the court ruled in her favour
- Changes rules so ethnic/racial minorities are given a positive advantage to achieve a better life in the long run
- Adarand Constructors V Pena 1995, SC struck down a law requiring contracts to be given to black firms over white firms
- This case began the SC to restrict AA
- Unfair that minorities should get help over someone more qualified or better suited, reverse discrimination
- 1978 Regents of the University of California V Bakke, reserved 16 places for minority students and Bakke was rejected even though he had better results, court ruled in favour
- Nixon had the idea of quotas in jobs on government projects
- Began with Kennedy and Johnson in the 60s with the Equal Employment Commission
- Different Types of Supporters of Affirmative Action
- Moderates
- Draw on tradition of MLK
- Wish to create a rainbow coalition of supporters
- AA has been successful but is still needed
- Obama argued that the poverty and disadvantage suffered by African Americans is of a specifically racial nature and requires a racial solution
- Radicals
- Draw on tradition of MX and Black Power
- Moderates aren't doing enough
- Corrective justice is need to compensate African Americans for the historical injustice
- AA will never achieve this while SC holds up Bakke and Bollinger case
- Every year since 1989 Congressman John Conyers had introduced a bill for reparations
- African Americans are asking for compensation for a great crime against them not of thie own making
- Moderates
- The Debate over Equality
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