APPROACHES - The Psychodynamic approach
- Created by: EmilyEther
- Created on: 27-03-19 15:41
View mindmap
- The Psychodynamic approach
- Spec
- role of unconscious
- structure of personality (id, ego, superego)
- defence mechanisms (inc. denial, repression, displacement )
- psychosexual stages
- Role of unconscious
- Freud - latent (hidden) desires are shown as manifest (open, obvious) behavs
- eg. 20 yr old marries 45 year old - manifest: love, attraction, money. Latent: unconscious desire for father (Electra)
- can be seen through dreams
- dream therapy, associations, Rorschach blots
- Freud - latent (hidden) desires are shown as manifest (open, obvious) behavs
- Personality
- id = first to develop. connected to libido, driven by pleasure principle. Unconscious
- super-ego - morality principle, internalised norms + values (developed from same-sex parent). Unconscious
- ego - reality principle, manages id/superego. Conscious - the one we are aware of
- difficult for ego, battle between superego and id - defence mechanisms to protect it
- Defence mechanisms
- repression - the inability to remember harmful experiences. something we've done before, childhood experiences
- when we remember it too well - PTSD
- denial - carry on as if the thing that happened didn't happen. unconscious refusal to accept reality
- displacement - an unacceptable transfer of emotion to a neutral object or person
- eg. can't swear at a teacher so instead shout at friends at break
- repression - the inability to remember harmful experiences. something we've done before, childhood experiences
- Psychosexual stages
- must transition well from one stage to another, any trouble here results in becoming fixated at this level
- oral
- fixation on mouth, pleasure gained through mouth eg. breastfeeding
- if breastfeed too much / less, can be fixated
- too much, greedy
- too little, uptight and still looking for pleasure through mouth (finger biting etc)
- people who were not fed as much as a baby, more likely to smoke
- if breastfeed too much / less, can be fixated
- fixation on mouth, pleasure gained through mouth eg. breastfeeding
- anal
- potty trained, character of parents more important
- strict parents - analy retentive - scared of going to toilet, excessively tidy, stingy, holding onto things (hoarder)
- analy expulsive - happy children, generous, extravagant
- anal clusters - personality types do cluster together, tight and orderly person more likely to be stingy and vice versa
- phallic
- child becomes interested in their genitals and electra / oedipus complex
- Boys - oedipus
- desire for mother -> jealousy of father -> castration anxiety -> identifies with father and develops super ego
- stuck here, feelings for mother, hate father and other males. No father figure - gay
- Girls - electra
- desire mother but can't have her bc she cut their penis off -> (penis envy) desire father for his penis -> jealous of mother -> can't compete with mother -> desire baby instead of penis
- no castration anxiety - less developed super ego
- latent
- nothing much happens - everything under surface
- genital
- no such thing as puberty here, normal adult, sexual rels etc
- Eval (A03)
- unscientific / unfalsifiable - can't investigate unconscious
- some things can tested - eg. smoking and breastfeeding etc
- Freud used case studies - unreliable, some used letters
- Little Hans - Freud never met him. Fear of father transferred onto horse
- overly complicated - Hans could be explained by learning theory instead of unconscious
- acknowledges the role of early childhood experiences, importance of parents
- first talking therapy - did lead to more therapy development
- cultural ipact - terms used such as being in denial etc
- unscientific / unfalsifiable - can't investigate unconscious
- Spec
Comments
No comments have yet been made