Approaches
- Created by: rosiel05
- Created on: 03-10-22 17:56
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- Approaches
- Wilhelm Wundt
- First experimental psychology lab in 1879
- Used introspection
- conscious examination of conscious experience
- Wanted to separate psychology from philosphy
- Behavourism
- Idea we can explain behaviour through what we observe and in terms of learning
- Two types of learning which are classical and operant
- Classical conditioning
- unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, neutral stimulus, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response
- Pavlov's experiment
- Dog associating food with the ringing of a bell
- Watson's Little Albert experiment
- Creating phobia of animal in a baby by associating the animal with a noise that startles the baby
- When an individual learns through association of different things
- Operant conditioning
- the idea that we learn through trail and error/consequences
- negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, punishment and extinction
- Skinner box experiment
- rat pulls a lever to get food and will get more each time lever is pulled
- rat pulls lever to stop the shocks on the floor of the box
- produced variable ratios
- prolongs repetition of behaviour
- Social learning theory
- Argue that we learn through observation and imitation of others
- Vicarious reinforcement
- reinforcement which is not directly experienced
- mediational processes
- The factors must happen: attention, retention, motor reproduction and motivation
- Attention and retention relate to learning the behaviour
- Motor reproduction and motivation relate to performing the behaviour
- The factors must happen: attention, retention, motor reproduction and motivation
- Identification
- people are much more likely to imitate behaviour of those who they identify with
- Role models and modelling
- Bandura's Bobo doll study, 1961
- Studies agression
- Children copy the actions that the adult does to the bobo doll (large inflatable doll)
- Punch it, hit it, throw it in the air, etc
- Wilhelm Wundt
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