biological approach application to smoking and gambling
- Created by: athinaP
- Created on: 12-05-16 20:08
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- application to smoking
- initiation
- meta analysis. analysed data from 140 ,000 people + found DNA variants associated with whether people start smoking
- convincing evidence as the sample was big
- study shows a correlation, not cause and effect. likely genetics led to a predisposition and environmental factors are needed to start the addiction
- meta analysis. analysed data from 140 ,000 people + found DNA variants associated with whether people start smoking
- maintenance
- schacher: double blind study with adult smokers. 4 weeks ppts alternated between high + low nicotine cigarettes.
- found ppts smoked more low nicotine cigarettes compared to high nicotine cigarettes.
- this effect was especially strong in heavy smoker who smoked 25% more of the low nicotine compared to high nicotine cigarettes
- found ppts smoked more low nicotine cigarettes compared to high nicotine cigarettes.
- schacher: double blind study with adult smokers. 4 weeks ppts alternated between high + low nicotine cigarettes.
- relapse
- Lerman: tested smokers who had stopped for one night.
- found increased blood-flow to parts of the brain associated with memory, reward + learning.
- this shows these parts of the brain are active when a person craves a cigarette
- found increased blood-flow to parts of the brain associated with memory, reward + learning.
- Lerman: tested smokers who had stopped for one night.
- initiation
- application to gambling
- relapse
- wray + Dickerson found 60% of pathological gamblers reported physical side effects (insomnia, breathing difficulties, loss of appetite)
- these were sometimes more severe than those recorded by a comparison group withdrawing from drugs
- wray + Dickerson found 60% of pathological gamblers reported physical side effects (insomnia, breathing difficulties, loss of appetite)
- initiation
- slutske: looked at concordance rates of nearly 5000 MZ + DZ twins in relation to gambling addiction
- found concordance rate was 2X as high in MZ twins than it was in DZ twins
- slutske: looked at concordance rates of nearly 5000 MZ + DZ twins in relation to gambling addiction
- maintenance
- chase + Clarke: studied 24 regular gamblers
- completed computerise slot machine gambling game while mid brains were FMRI scanned.
- increased activity in mesolimbic system from wins but also from near misses
- higher the level of gambling severity= greater recorded response
- increased activity in mesolimbic system from wins but also from near misses
- completed computerise slot machine gambling game while mid brains were FMRI scanned.
- chase + Clarke: studied 24 regular gamblers
- relapse
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