GCSE history - medicine through time - key individuals

Sekhmet

Egyptian goddess of war and epidemics

1 of 24

Asklepios

Ancient Greek god of healing. Patients came to his temple in the Asklepion.

2 of 24

Hippocrates

Ancient Greek doctor. Belived in natural causes of disease and treatments. Developed theory of 4 humours. Created hippocrated oath.

3 of 24

Galen

Developed theory of 4 humours with the 'use of oppisites'. Wrote more than 60 books on medical knowledge. Believed that blood passed through holes in the septum. Highlighted the importance of the brain.

4 of 24

Avicenna

Persian Doctor working in the Arab Empire during the Middle Ages. Wrote 'the canon of medicine'

5 of 24

Rhazes

Arab doctor in the middle ages. Wrote the first accurate descriptions of the symptoms and the course of the disease of measles and smallpox.

6 of 24

Vesalius

Professor of anatomy during the Renaissance. Was the first to prove that Galen was wrong about the holes in the septum and other aspects of anatomy. Carried out human disections and was able to produce the first complete map of the human body.

7 of 24

William Harvey

Discovered the circulation of the blood around the body in one direction and proved that the heart acts as a pump. He disproved Galen's idea that blood was constantly being burnt up by the body and new blood was made by the liver to replace it.

8 of 24

Paré

French army surgeon. He develped two new surgical techniques; a new treatment for gunshot wounds instead of the old methods of using boiling hot oil. After amputations he started to tie off the arteries with silk thread to stop the bleeding.

9 of 24

Jenner

Obseved that milkmaids did not get smallpox if they already had cowpox. Developed the first vaccination and was given a grant of £30,000 by the government to continue his research. This vaccination became compulsary in the 1850s.

10 of 24

Chadwick

An English civil sevant to produced a report in 1842 describing the cramped, unhealthy living conditions of workers in the new industrual cities. He critised the government for not taking action and suggested the Public Health Act of 1848.

11 of 24

Simpson

Descovered that chloroform was an effective anaesthetic and started to use it on women in childbirth. He wrote articles on it and then became for acceptable after Queen Victoria used it in 1857 for the birth of her 8th child.

12 of 24

John Snow

Doctor who carried out research into the connection between cholera and dirty drinking water. Investigated an outbreak of cholera in the Broad Street area of London in 1854 and discovered a strong link between a water pump and cholera deaths nearby.

13 of 24

Florence Nightengale

Made nursing a respectable, trained profession. Set up the first training school for nurses after proving the importance of good nursing in the the Crimean War of 1854. Hospitals in Britain became healthier better places as a result of this.

14 of 24

Pasteur

French Professor of chemistry. As a result of work for the French wine industry, he proved that the air is full of germs which cause decay and disease - The Germ Theory - 1861. He also went on to develop a vaccine for anthrax in 1881.

15 of 24

Koch

Believing in Pasteur's germ theory, he studied microbes and developed the science of bacteriology. Used a new technique - chemical dyes to stain microbes so they can be seen more clearly. He identified many germs including TB, cholera and septicaemia

16 of 24

Lister

Developed the use of antiseptics in surgery. This was a carbolic spray which was used throughout operations and sprayed on the bandages and surgeon's hands and instruments. After Koch's septicemia germ discovery, this was more widely used.

17 of 24

Behring

Koch's assistant. Produced the first cure based on the germ theory. Found that animals produce anti-toxins to fight harmful bacteria inside the body. He extracted these from animal blood and injected it into humans, finding the first diphtheria cure.

18 of 24

Rontgen

German scientist who discovered X-rays in 1895. Withing 6 months hospitals had installed them. WW1 confirmed their importance when bullets and shrapnel could be located and removed.

19 of 24

Ehrlich

Student of Behring. Wanted to find a chemical anti-toxin which could be mass-produced and would kill bacteria inside the body yet not harm it. After 10 years of systematic research he discovered Salvarsan 606, the first 'magic bullet'.

20 of 24

Domagk

Developed the second 'magic bullet' - a treatment for blood poisoning based on Prontosil. Scientists soon discovered that the active ingredient in it was sulphonamide and other treatments were produced based on sulohonamides.

21 of 24

Fleming

Doctor and bacteriologist. During his research to discover a new magic bullet he made a chance discovery that a mould - penicillin killed germs around it. He wrote an article around it however was not able to find a way to produce a drug from it.

22 of 24

Florey and Chain

Continued Fleming's research and found a way to produce the mould as a drug and it was then mass produced. This is due to the high demand for an effective drug in WW2 and money was made available as the American and Russian government cooperated.

23 of 24

Bernard

Carried out the first heart transplant in 1967.

24 of 24

Get Revising

GCSE history - medicine through time - key individuals

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Similar History resources:

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Related discussions on The Student Room

Similar History resources: