sections of very long DNA molecules, making up chromosomes in the nuclei of cells. They are instructions for making proteins.
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Why can people look like their parents, brothers, and sisters, but not be identical to them?
Sex cells contain only one copy of each chromosome. A fertilized egg cell contains a unique combination of parental alleles.
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What determines gender?
Sex chromosomes in humans – XY (male) or ** (female).
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What are clones?
Some organisms reproduce asexually. The offspring are clones. Clones can occur naturally (twins) and artificially.
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What are stem cells?
Multicellular organisms become specialized during early development
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How could stem cells be used in treating some diseases?
Embryonic stem cells are unspecialized cells that can develop into any type of cell, and could potentially be used to treat particular illnesses. These cells would be from cloned human embryos.
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What are alleles?
Different versions of a particular gene.
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What does it mean that someone is a carrier?
A person who has the recessive allele for a characteristic or disease and can pass it on, but who does not have the characteristic or disease itself
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What is a chromosome?
Threads of genes found in the nucleus of a cell.
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What is Cystic Fibrosis?
An inherited disorder caused by recessive alleles that affects a person’s breathing and digestion
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What is DNA?
Genes are made from this chemical
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What is a dominant allele?
An allele that will show up in an organism, even if you have only one copy.
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What is genetic engineering?
Altering the characteristics of an organism by introducing genes from another organism into its DNA.
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What is genetic testing?
Testing an individual for a particular allele.
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What is IVF?
In Vitro Fertilisation,When sperm are used to fertilise an egg outside the human body.
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What is a nucleus?
The part of a cell containing the genetic material.
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What does it mean that an allele is recessive?
An allele that will only show up in an organism when two copies are present.
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What are sex cells?
Specialised cells that carry one copy of the parents’ genetic information and join together at fertilisation.
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What are hormones?
A chemical messenger secreted by specialised cells that bring about changes in cells or tissues elsewhere in the plant or animal.
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What is gene therapy?
When a faulty allele is replaced with a normal allele, to try to cure a genetic disorder
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Why can people look like their parents, brothers, and sisters, but not be identical to them?
Back
Sex cells contain only one copy of each chromosome. A fertilized egg cell contains a unique combination of parental alleles.
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