A naturally occurring aromatic compound, which is a very stable planar ring structure with a ring of delocalised electrons above and below the plane of the molecule.
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Model
A simplified version that allows us to make predictions and understand observations more easily
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Substitution Reaction
Where a group or an atom is exchanged for another group or atom in a chemical reaction
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Benzene derivative
A benzene ring that has undergone a substitution reaction
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Electrophillic Substitution
A substitution reaction where an electrophile is attracted to an electron-rich atom or part of a molecule and a new covalent bond is formed by the electrophile accepting an electron pair
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Reaction Mechanism
A model with steps to explain and predict a chemical reaction
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Friedel-Crafts Reaction
A substitution reaction where hydrogen is exchanged for an alkyl ,or acyl (RCOCL) chain
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Phenols
A class of aromatic compound where a hydroxyl group is directly attached to the aromatic ring
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Directing Effect
How a functional group attached directly to an aromatic ring affects which carbon atoms are more likely to undergo substitution
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2,4 Directing Effect
Caused by an electron donating group eg.NH2 that makes the rate of substitutions faster at these positions which sees three substitutions occur on 2,4 and 6 (which is also counted as 4 as we try to keep them as low as possible)
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3 Directing Effect
Caused by en electron withdrawing group which withdraws electrons from the Pi system so substitution only occurs on cabron 3
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Nucleophile
A species attracted to an electron-deficient part of a molecule, where it donates a pair of electrons to make a new covalent bond
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Base
A chemical that will react with an acid
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Carboxylic Acid
A weak acid that partially ionises in solution releasing H+ from the -COOH group, forming a carboxylate ion
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Esterification
The chemical reaction used to make an ester. 2 main methods:-COOH and -OH or acid anhydride and alcohol
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Hydrolysis
A chemical reaction where water causes the breaking of bonds, in a decomposition reaction.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A simplified version that allows us to make predictions and understand observations more easily
Back
Model
Card 3
Front
Where a group or an atom is exchanged for another group or atom in a chemical reaction
Back
Card 4
Front
A benzene ring that has undergone a substitution reaction
Back
Card 5
Front
A substitution reaction where an electrophile is attracted to an electron-rich atom or part of a molecule and a new covalent bond is formed by the electrophile accepting an electron pair
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