Carbon atoms are joined in either a straight unbranched chain, straight branched chain or non-aromatic ring
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Alicyclic hydrocarbon
Carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure but are not aromatic, with or without side chains
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Aromatic hydrocarbons
In which there is at least one benzene ring in the structure
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Saturated hydrocarbon
Contains only carbon and hydrogen joined by single covalent bonds
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Functional Group
Group of atoms responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a compound
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General formula
The simplest algebraic formula for a homologus series
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Displayed Formula
Shows the relative positions of atoms and the bonds between them
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Structural formula
Provides the minimum detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
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Empirical Formula
Shows the smallest whole-number ratio of atoms of the elements in a compound
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Molecular Formula
Shows the numbers and types of atoms in a compund
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Skeletal formula
Simplified structural formula drawn by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains
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Unsaturated
Organic chemicals contain at least one C=C
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Hydrocarbons
Compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms
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Saturated
Organic compounds containing only single covalent bonds
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Structural Isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
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Stereoisomers
Organic compounds with the same molecular formula and structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space
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Cis-trans isomerism
A type of E/Z isomerism in which the two substituent groups attached to both carbon atoms pf the C=C bond are the same
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E/Z Isomerism
A type of stereoisomerism caused by restricted rotation around the double bond-two different groups are attached to both carbon atoms of the C=C bond
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Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rules
Rules used to identify and name E/Z isomers
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Homolytic Fission
Occurs when a covalent bond breaks and each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair , generating two highly reactive, neutral species called radicals.
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Radicals
A species with one or more unpaired electrons
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Heterolytic fission
When a covalent bond breaks and one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonding pair
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Alkanes
A homologus series of saturated hydrocarbons
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Homologus Series
A family of organic compounds that have the same functional group but successive members differ by CH2
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Complete Combustion
When there is a plentiful supply of air, a clean blue flame that transfers the maximum amount of thermal energy producing only carbon dioxide and water
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Incomplete combustion
When there is a limited supply of air, producing carbon particles (soot) and a cooler, dirty yellow flame. Water, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide also produced
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Alkenes
A homologus series of unsaturated hydrocarbons
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Electrophile
An electron-pair acceptor eg. positive ions and molecules with a delta plus region of charge. A double bond is an area of high electron density with attracts electrophiles like Br2, HBr and NO2+
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Reaction Mechanism
A model that shows the movement of electrons in an organic reaction
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Markownikoff's Rule
When H-X is added to an unsymetrical alkene, the H becomes attached to the C with the most H atoms to start with. This is because carbocations that have alkyl groups attached are more stable than those with H atoms attached.
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Monomers
Small molecules used to make polymers
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Polymers
Macromolecules made from small repeating units
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Repeating Unit
A specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in a structure over and over again
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Biodegradable
Materials affected by the action of microorganisms and environmental conditions, leading to decomposition
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Bioplastic
A material made from a renewable source that is biodegradable
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Photodegradable Polymers
Plastics that break down chemically using energy with wavelengths similar to light. Bonds are either weakened by the absorption of light or have an additive that is affected by light, which weakens bonds
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Curly Arrows
Model the flow of electron pairs during reaction mechanisms
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure but are not aromatic, with or without side chains
Back
Alicyclic hydrocarbon
Card 3
Front
In which there is at least one benzene ring in the structure
Back
Card 4
Front
Contains only carbon and hydrogen joined by single covalent bonds
Back
Card 5
Front
Group of atoms responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a compound
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