World War One, The Build up and Impact

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  • Created by: lx1234
  • Created on: 12-02-18 13:04
What belief did Kaiser Wilhelm have on the Military?
Militarism, the belief that a country should have strong armed forces.
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When were the Navy Laws introduced?
Between 1898 and 1912
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What was the result of the Navy Laws?
Large amounts of money was spent to increase the size of Germany's navy, the army was also increased.
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What did the SPD (Social Democratic Party) disagree with in Germany?
The power and privileged positions held by land and factory owners.
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What did the British navy do in 1914?
Stopped ships getting food into Germany, leading to supply shortages.
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Why was a flu epidemic a problem in Germany during the war?
People in Germany were already weak due to a poor diet, many people were killed due to the flu.
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What did General Ludendorff suggest?
Germany couldn't win the war, it should become more democratic so the opposition would treat Germany more fairly upon defeat
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How did Kaiser respond to Ludendorff's suggestions?
Allowed main political parties to form a new government, transferred some of his powers to the Reichstag
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What happened 28th October 1918?
The soldiers mutinied, those who were sent to deal with protesters ended up joining them, army refused to support Kaiser.
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Who took over when Kaiser abdicated in November 1918?
Friedrich Ebert, leader of the SPD, temporary leadership.
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Why was Germany bankrupt after the war?
It owed vast sums of money that it had borrowed to pay for war, it had lent some money to allies, factories were exhausted and war pensions would cost government a lot of money.
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Why was society further divided after the war?
Some factory owners made a lot of money from war, whilst workers had restrictions on wages. Women had to work in the factories, some believed this ruined traditional family values.
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Why was Germany politically unstable after the war?
There was mutiny and revolution all over Germany. Many soldiers and citizens felt the politicians had betrayed Germany by ending war.
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What does "Dolchstoss" mean?
Stab to the back.
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Who were The Spartacists?
A group of communists who wanted Germany to be run by small councils of soldiers and workers. Run by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht
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How did Ebert deal with the Spartacist uprising in 1919?
He sent 2000 Freikorps to attack the Spartacists, the fight took 3 days, the Freikorps recaptured buildings, arrested and later killed the leaders.
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Who won the 1919 elections?
Ebert and the SPD, he was now the official president of Germany.
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What was the Weimar Constitution?
A formal set of rules for how Germany should be governed, Germany was now called the "Weimar Republic". All Germans now had the right to vote
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What were the weaknesses of the Weimar Government?
Proportional Representation, People disliked the Democracy, Reminded people of Germany's defeat, Contained Article 48
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What was Proportional Representation?
Different political parties were able to win seats in the Reichstag, but it was hard for one party to get the majority, leading party had to make deals with smaller groups, made law making a slow process.
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What was Article 48
In an emergency, laws could be passed without the Reichstag by order of the President, however, it didn't state what counts as an emergency. Was later used by Hitler to gain power and control of Germany.
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Who were The November Criminals?
The politicians.
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When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
1919
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What were the rules of The Treaty of Versailles?
Germany had to pay £6.6 billion, Small army, navy, no submarines, tanks or air force, colonies handed over, no soilders in the Rhineland, never unite with Austria again, areas of land used to make new countries
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How did the Germans react to the Treaty of Versailles?
Felt it was too harsh, humiliated, that they hadn't lost the war, it was due to Governments calling for a ceasefire when the Kaiser abdicated.
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What happened at the Ruhr in 1923?
60,000 French and Belgium troops marched into the Ruhr, taking control of factories, mines and railways. They took food and goods from shops and arrested any German who tried to stop them. This is as Germany couldn't pay the 1922 instalment
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How did the government respond to The Occupation of The Ruhr
They demanded the workers go on strike and not help the soldiers remove goods from the country. This was called passive resistance, and the workers were still paid despite being on strike.
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How did the Ruhr lead to Hyperinflation in 1923?
The German government printed large amounts of money to pay the striking workers and pay the money they owed France. As workers spent money in shops, shop keepers put up prices. Government printed more money, and shops raised prices again.
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How much was a loaf of bread in 1918 compared to 1923
1918=0.6 marks, 1923=203 Billion marks.
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Who were the losers of Hyperinflation?
People with Bank Savings, Elderly people living on fixed pensions, Small Businesses.
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Who were the winners of Hyperinflation?
People who borrowed money, found it easy to pay off debts.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

When were the Navy Laws introduced?

Back

Between 1898 and 1912

Card 3

Front

What was the result of the Navy Laws?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did the SPD (Social Democratic Party) disagree with in Germany?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What did the British navy do in 1914?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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