world cities

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what is a millionaire city
a city with over 1 million inhabitants e.g. budapest
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what is a mega city
an urban area with over 10 million people living there e.g. mumbai
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what is a world city
a city that has an influence over the whole world, they are the centre of trade and business and are hubs of culture and science e.g. london , new york and tokyo
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what is urbanisation
the growth in the proportion of the countrys population that lives in urban areas
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what is suburbanisation
the movement of people from the city centre to the outskirts (suburbs)n
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what is couter-urbanisation
the movement of people from cities to rural areas
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what is re-urbanisation
the movement of people BACK to the city centre
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push factors for urbanisation
conflict can cause people to leave their homes / mechanisation of agriculture means fewer people are needed / natural disasters where people can not afford to rebuild their homes
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pull factors for urbanisation
more jobs in urban areas/ better oaid jobs/ acces to healthcare and education/ follow other family members / perception that there is a better quality of life
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negative impacts of urbanisation
housing shortages / people build their own houses leading to slums and shanty towns / high competition for good jobs / people have to work on low wages and in poor conditions / increase pollution
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problems with slums and shanty towns
built on unsuitable land at risk of landslides and flooding / lack of basic services e.g. clean water leading to more diseases / little or no access to education / difference between shanty town and wealthy areas can cuase crime and tension
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ways of managing povery in urban areas
building new houses to replace slums / improve the services available in slums / get residents involved in development of the area
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what happened in Sao Paulo
the governemtn ran a housing project to build 100,000 new flats for slum residents but no one could afford the flats so only 14,000 were built/ the monte azul community association provie education and free healthcare
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push factos of suburbanisation
housing in cities can be poor quality / deindustrialisation leads to people loosing jobs in the city / unemployment increase leads to less disposable income so bussinesses close
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pull factors of suburbanisation
planning laws may be more relaxed / spacious green environments / improvements in public transport and increased car ownership means people can commute / as businesses move out of thecentre due to lower rents jobs become availible there
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impacts of suburbansiation on the city centre
buildings become run down and abandoned / unemployment increases / lowers living standards and increases poverty / economic and ethnic segregation / increase congestion and pollution as people commute
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impacts of suburbanization on the suburbs
new housing estates are often built (can have an impacts on wildlife) / more impermeable surfaces are built / increases congestion and pollution in suburbs
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push factors for counter urbanisaiton
to escape air pollution and noise pollution/ citys often have congestionand parking problems / get less property for what you pay
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pull factors for counter urbanisaiton
less densely packed housing meaning more open green spaces / improved communication services e.g.internet in rural areas (work from home) / improved transport / get more for your money
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positive impacts counter-urbanisation on rural areas
increase in business for some services e.g. local pubs / farmers can sell unwanted land for housing developmetns / if families move their schools can stay open and dont have to close due to lack of students
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negative impacts counter-urbanisation on rural areas
affects charachter of the area / rural roads may not cope with additional traffic / congestion and increased polution in rural areas /elderly people may move their due tothe lifestyle leading to less children so schools close / house prices increase
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pull factors of re-urbanisation
urban development coorperations were set up to regenerate derelict urban areas / more unis are based in urban areas so young people move there for education / young people often want a good night life with bars etc
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push factors of re-urbanisation
liack of jobs in rural or suburban areas / less leisure and entertainment facilities / high house prices in rural areas
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positive impacts of re-urbanisation on the city centre
new shops and services open boosting the economy / as businesses return jobs become available / state schools benefit from increased number of students
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negative impacts of re-urbanisation on the city centre
original residence may not be able to afford the increase in house prices / tension between original and newcomers / shops and services may not cater for the unwealthy as they are aimed at wealthier people
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what are the 4 stages of urban decline
decline in industry / increase in unemployment / shops ans services decline / the physical environment declines
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what is decline in industry
may be due to the movement of manufacturing overseas causing the industry to close, or industry may move to outside the city centre due to cheaper rent
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why does unemployment increase
if industry declines there are less jobs and the jobs left behind are often unskilled and low paying jobs
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why do shops and services decline
if unemployment increase people have less disposable income to spend / people move out of the city to find new jobs so there are fewer people using the services /
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why does the phyiscal environment decline
as industry, sevices and population decline building become abandoned and derelict leading to vandalism / recreational areas are neglected and may be a house of crime / areas become unattractive and few people want to live there so the area decline
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what is gentrification
when wealthier people move into a run down area and regenerate it by improving the housing
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positive impacts of gentrification
housing is improved / house prices increase so homeowners can sell their houses for more money / new businesses move into the area to cater for new people (creates jobs) / crime rates may fall due to less derelict buildings
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negative impacts of gentrification
tenants in the area may be forced out by landlords as they cant afford the rent due to increased prices / original residents may loose theservices they need e.g. convenience stores as they are replaced with up mrket shops / tension
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what are partnership schemes and what do they do
involves local councils working with businesses and local communities to come up with a regeneration plan for an area
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reasons for growth of out of town retailing
increased car ownership/ improved road e.g. motorways so its quicker to get to them /
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is a mega city

Back

an urban area with over 10 million people living there e.g. mumbai

Card 3

Front

what is a world city

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is urbanisation

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is suburbanisation

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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