Wk 12 U&C

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What are the three main types of workload measure?
Subjective, behavioural & physiological
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What was one of the 1st experiments in the field of selective attention?
Dichotic listening experiment
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What experimenter looked at the mental processes that must take place for people to select the most important message from the various sources of information?
Broadbent - Dichotic listening experiment
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Broadbent's Filter Theory predicts that hearing your name when you are not paying attention should be impossible because unattended messages are filtered out before you process the meaning. Therefore, what does his model not account for?
"Cocktail Party Phenomenon"
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Apart from the cocktail party effect, what can attention also be filtered by?
All four
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Kahneman (1973) noted that both too little & too much “………..” can affect available attention
Arousal
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Kahneman 's (1973) Capacity Model of Attention describes attention as what?
A limited resource
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Both Broadbent & Kahneman’s model predict that it will be difficult for an individual to pay attention to two things at once but for different reasons. What is the difference?
Selection = a bottleneck develops, prohibiting entry of 2 packages of information at the same time. Capacity = the demands of the 2 tasks exceed available capacity.
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What profession is used as an example for Broadbent's Attentional Limitations?
Air traffic control - ground crew deal with several pieces of information but can only effectively deal with one message at a time
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In Broadbent's filter model, at what stage does the filter come into operation?
When the information reaches the short term memory store
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According to Kahneman's Attentional Allocation Policy, what two factors have an effect on the amount of attention that will go on a particular task?
Available arousal & urgency of a task
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According to Miller, before information is stored in long term memory it is processed by what:
Working memory
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According to Miller, working memory has a limited capacity. How much information can it store?
7 +/- 2 elements
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According to Miller, how can information become easier to store?
If the individual organises bits of information into “chunks”
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Working memory organizes “bits” of information into chunks to overcome the “…….” caused by our limited spans of absolute judgement & short-term memory.
Informational bottleneck
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How many components are in Baddeley & Hitch's (1974) model?
4
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According to Baddeley & Hitch's Working Memory Model, what are the two different systems for dealing with visual & verbal information?
Phonological loop & visuo-spatial sketchpad
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Which statement supports the view that the phonological loop & the sketchpad are separate systems within working memory?
A visual processing task & a verbal processing task can be performed at the same time. But it’s more difficult to perform 2 visual tasks at the same time because they interfere with each other.
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In the Working Memory Model, what two memory systems does the episodic buffer communicate with?
Long term memory & components of working memory
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According to Cowan’s Working Memory Capacity, when controlling or preventing processing strategies the capacity limit observed is between:
4 (+/- 1)
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According to Cowan, Working memory requires “……….” measures to observe capacity limits that are similar across different materials & different tasks:
Storage-specific
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What is the definition of a 1 tailed hypothesis?
Difference of interest in one direction
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What is the definition of a 2 tailed hypothesis?
Difference of interest in either direction
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What was one of the 1st experiments in the field of selective attention?

Back

Dichotic listening experiment

Card 3

Front

What experimenter looked at the mental processes that must take place for people to select the most important message from the various sources of information?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Broadbent's Filter Theory predicts that hearing your name when you are not paying attention should be impossible because unattended messages are filtered out before you process the meaning. Therefore, what does his model not account for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Apart from the cocktail party effect, what can attention also be filtered by?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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