Principles of Psych - WK 4 Intro and Reading

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What do all psychologists have in common?
Rely on scientific methods
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What is the definition of Psychology?
Scientific study of mind and behaviour
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What does the word "Psyche" mean?
Breath of life
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Wundt placed an object (e.g. a rock) into a student’s hand & asked them to say everything they were feeling as a result of having the rock in their hand.” What is this an example of?
Introspection
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What type of research finds solutions to problems in the real-world? (AIM = improve our scientific knowledge)
Applied research
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What is the term for "the set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct empirical research"
Scientific Method
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Which statement has been supported by scientific studies in relation to everyday situations?
People are not always as good at predicting outcomes than they think they are
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People are frequently unaware of the causes of their own behaviour - is this true or false?
True
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The approach Wundt adopted to study was called?
Structuralism
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The approach James adopted to study was called?
Functionalism
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Who was an important contributor to the Psychodynamic Approach?
Sigmund Freud
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What approach was concerned with identifying the basic elements or “structures” of psychological experience?
Structuralism
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Which approach thought it was not possible to objectively study the mind?
Behaviourism
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Where did the history of Psychology begin?
Rooted in Greek Philosophy
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Which Greek philosopher believed that each child is born as an “empty slate”?
Aristotle
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Who discovered the principle of dualism?
Descartes
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What is the principle of dualism?
Mind is fundamentally different from the mechanical body
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Who were the first two research psychologists in the 1800s?
Wundt & James
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What is the accurate description of the introspection method?
Ask research participants to describe exactly what they experience as they work on mental tasks
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What were structuralists the first to realise?
Importance of unconscious processes
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What approach to psychology was influenced by Charles Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection?
Functionalism
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Which is the largest field in Psychology?
Clinical & Counselling
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What are empirical statements?
Statements based on systematic collection and analysis of data
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What is the definition of the scientific method?
Set of assumptions, rules, and procedures scientists use to conduct research.
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What type of research observes & describes behaviour?
Descriptive
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What is the definition of a research hypothesis?
Specific & falsifiable prediction about the relationship between or among two or more variables
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What is the definition of a spurious relationship?
An unseen variable (common-causal variable) produces & explains relationship
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What is the definition of extraneous variables?
All variables, which are not the independent variable, but could affect the results of the experiment.
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What are operational definitions?
The specific way in which a researcher measures a concept of interest
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What is the argued as the most widespread ethical concern to participants in research?
Deception
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What are examples of organising principles?
All three
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What are the three main research designs used by Psychologists?
Descriptive, Correlational, Experimental
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What shape is a normal distribution?
Bell shaped
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What is the most common statistical measure of the strength of linear relationships among variables?
Pearson correlation coefficient
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What is a common-causal variable?
It is a variable that causes the predictor and the outcome variable
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What is a limitation of correlational research?
It is impossible to draw causal conclusions
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What type of validity refers to how well a test/tool measures the construct that it was designed to measure?
Construct validity
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What is internal validity?
Where we are confident that the independent variable has caused a change in the dependent variable
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What did the study by Rosenthal & Fode (1963) look at?
The effect of experimenter bias on the performance of the albino rat
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What is an advantage of double blind experiments?
Eliminates the potential for experimenter effects and participant expectancy effects.
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If you use students as your participants in your sample - would you have high or low generalisability?
Low
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What is an advantage of meta-analyses?
They provide lots of information
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Can research ever "prove" a theory or hypothesis?
No
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the definition of Psychology?

Back

Scientific study of mind and behaviour

Card 3

Front

What does the word "Psyche" mean?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Wundt placed an object (e.g. a rock) into a student’s hand & asked them to say everything they were feeling as a result of having the rock in their hand.” What is this an example of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What type of research finds solutions to problems in the real-world? (AIM = improve our scientific knowledge)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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