How can memory be damaged by post event discussion?
Discussing events with others afterwards can lead to the conformity effect where witnesses unintentionally influence each other's memory
1 of 15
How did Gabbert research the damage caused by post event discussion?
He gave RP's different videos of the same event and some discussed it in pairs after. 71% of the group who discussed went on to mistakenly recall items acquired during the discussion
2 of 15
What happened from the Oklahoma bombings?
One witness claimed (falsely) to see the murderer with an accomplice and this was found to have influenced 2 other witnesses to 'remember' the same thing
3 of 15
Explain Loftus' idea of the 'Weapon focus effect'
If someone was threatened with a weapon they become very anxious and their focus of attention is narrowed to the weapon, so they take in fewer other details such as who is carrying the weapon
4 of 15
What was Johnson & Scott's bloody knife study?
They made RP's overhear a discussion in a room and had to try to identify the man coming out of it. In 1 RP's were less able to identify the man as he carried a bloody knife whereas the other group could more easily as the man carried a greasy pen
5 of 15
For the Johnson and Scott study?
Fairly good ecological validity- real situation, high level of control on the view that the RP's had.
6 of 15
What was Yerkes Dodson Law?
Moderate arousal/anxiety can improve recall
7 of 15
What are the 4 ways of cognitive interviews?
Context reinstatement, Order change, Perspective change, Everything is reported
8 of 15
What is context reinstatement?
Recreating a mental image of the whole scene (weather, mood) so the person can re-experience it
9 of 15
What is order change?
Report the events in reverse order and also flick backwards and forwards in time
10 of 15
What is perspective change?
Try to recreate the events as if it was seen from the viewpoint of other witnesses not just your own
11 of 15
What is everything reported?
When every detail remembered is reported even if it seems insignificant as it can trigger recall of important things
12 of 15
For the Cognitive interviews
It lets the person concentrate on the whole event not specific details, less chance of leading questions, Stein
13 of 15
What was Stein's study?
He showed Brazilian cleaners a video of a kidnapping and interviewed them using a cognitive interview or normal interview. The cognitive interview increased recall including specific details.
14 of 15
Against the Cognitive Interviews
Memon- studied the use of the cognitive interview by police investigating a real incident and found it didn't produce any more info than a normal interview
15 of 15
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How did Gabbert research the damage caused by post event discussion?
Back
He gave RP's different videos of the same event and some discussed it in pairs after. 71% of the group who discussed went on to mistakenly recall items acquired during the discussion
Comments
No comments have yet been made