Wildlife and Ecology

Define Ecology:

The study of relationships between plants, animals, people and their environment. As well as the balances between these relationships.

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Define an Ecosystem:

All the plants and animals that live in a particular area and the complex relationships that exist between them and their environment

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Define native species and give an example:

A species found in the place they evolved to be (red squirrel / badger)

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Define endemic species and give an example:

A species native to a particular location only (Borneo - Orang-utan)

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Define introduced species and give an example:

Species released by humans to an area not naturally occurring and are not native (Grey Squirrel)

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Define the meaning of naturalised species and give an example:

Any process by which a non- native species spreads into the wild and its reproduction is sufficient to maintain its population (grey squirrel)

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Define resident and give an example:

Lives in the country all year round (badger)

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Define migratory species:

Species that travel long distances often over borders (seasonal)

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Define symbiosis:

Two / more species living together

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Define Mutualism and give an example:

Both organisms benefit (corals and zooxanthellae)

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Define Parasitism and give an example:

1 organism, the parasite, benefits whilst the other (host) is harmed (dog and a tick)

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Define commensalism and give an example:

1 organism benefits whilst the other is neither harmed or benefitted (Remora fish and sharks)

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What is a trophic pyramid?

Shows the (dry) weight of an organism at each level within an ecosystem

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Name 3 important legislations to do with wildlife and ecology:

1). Wildlife & countryside Act 1981; COTES ( Control Of Trade In Endangered Species); CITES (Conservation On International Trade Of Endangered Species).

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Define Population Shifts:

A Change in the Numbers of different groups of individuals making up a population

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Define a Trend:

The direction of change in the number of an animal population

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Define a biome and give an example of one:

The division of ecosystems (freshwater/ salt water)

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Define the meaning of Abiotic and give 2 examples:

The absence of life/ non- living factors (sunlight, temperature)

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Define Speciesism and give an example:

The formation of new species in the process of evolution (Galapagos finches)

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Define the meaning of scales:

The measurement of a species response

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Define individuals:

An individuals response to change

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Define species:

A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes/ interbreeding

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Define communities:

A group of animals living in the same place/ having a common characteristic.

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Define what an ecological niche is:

The fit of a species living under specific environmental conditions/ the species role and its position in its enviornment.

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Define Deme:

Where a group of organisms are geographically isolated and shared similar genetic traits, over time they will become a sub-species

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Define climate change:

A long-term shift in the plants weather pattern or average temp

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Define draught:

Prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water

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Define Famine:

Extreme scarcity of food

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Name 3 legislations relevant to wildlife and ecology

1). Protection of badgers 1992; 2). The Conservation of habitats and species regulations 2010; 3). Wild Mammals (protection) act 1996.

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Define dissolution:

The caseation of the existence of a species (extinction)

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Define dispersal:

The Distribution of a species over a wide area

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Define Fecundity:

The Reproductive rate of a population

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Define Natality:

The ratio of the number of births to the size of the population

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Define seasonality:

Periodic, Repetitive and generally predictable patterns in a species over time

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Define Migration:

Movement of a species from 1 area to another at set seaons

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Define emerging disease:

New diseases which could impact populations

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Define habitat destruction and give an example:

Destruction of a species native habitat (deforestation)

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Wildlife and Ecology

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