What has research mainly focused on in the past 25 years? What is now recognised?
Over the past 25 year research has mainly focused on women and crime, men only feature in terms of control. There is now a new side to the gender debate-men and masculinity
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What 2 questions have been raised by having this new side to the gender and crime debate?
1) Why are men more likely to commit crime? 2)Is there a relationship between male crime and masculinity?
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What does MESSERSCHMIDT see gender identity as?
A vital part of the individuals sense of self
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What doe MESSERSCHMIDT argue masculinity is? What do men have to do?
Masculinity is a social construct and men have to constantly work at constructing and presenting it to others. In doing so some men have more resources to draw upon than others.
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What are the two types of masculinities that MESSERSCHMIDT argues co-exist in society?
hegemonic and subordinate
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What is Hegemonic masculinity?
The dominant, prestigious form that most men wish to accomplish, it can be defined through the paid-labour market and the subordination of women
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What is subordinate masculinity?
This includes gay men, who have no desire to accomplish hegemonic masculinity, as well as lower class or ethnic minority men who lack the resources to do so
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How does MESSERSCHMIDT link crime/deviance and masculinity?
He sees crime and deviance as resources that different men may use for accomplishing masculinity.
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How do white m/c youths demonstrate masculinity?
They are usually able to demonstrate hegemonic masculinity through success at school, outside of school their masculinity may take an oppostional form through pranks, vandalism etc.
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How do white w/c youths demonstrate masculinity?
They are less likely to be successful at school and so construct their masculinity around physical aggression and anti-social behaviour. (PAUL WILLIS'S STUDY)
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How do w/c black youths demonstrate masculinity?
They assert their masculinity through gang membership and violence
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How may white m/c males use crime to demonstrate hegemony?
They may commit corporate or white collar crime
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What group does MESSERSCHMIDT use to illustrate subordinated masculinity?
African americans. They often lack the resources to accomplish hegemonic masculinity
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Give 2 criticisms of MESSERSCHMIDT's research
1) Is masculinity an explanation of male crime, or just a description of male offenders 2)He doesn't explain why not all men use crime to accomplish masculinity
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What 2 questions have been raised by having this new side to the gender and crime debate?
Back
1) Why are men more likely to commit crime? 2)Is there a relationship between male crime and masculinity?
Card 3
Front
What does MESSERSCHMIDT see gender identity as?
Back
Card 4
Front
What doe MESSERSCHMIDT argue masculinity is? What do men have to do?
Back
Card 5
Front
What are the two types of masculinities that MESSERSCHMIDT argues co-exist in society?
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