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6. What did Arnett (2004) observe had changed the youth transition into adulthood?

  • An increase in the cost of living, a secularised society and people attending higher education.
  • Less financial independence, later marriage and a greater likelihood of higher education.
  • An increased birth rate, higher rates of post-graduate employment and a ageing population.

7. In which year did the Home Office produce data on onset and desistance?

  • 2013
  • 2009
  • 2008
  • 2010

8. What was the number of youths imprisoned between 2002/03, according to the Youth Justice Board (2013)?

  • 4000
  • 3000
  • 2000
  • 5000

9. What was one of Farrington's (1995) risk factors?

  • Having a conviction before the age of 21
  • Being from an ethnic minority
  • School influences
  • Having a disability