WHITE COLLAR CRIME

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Edwin H. Sutherland, 1949:9
Approximately defined WCC as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation"
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Nelkin
It is difficult to distinguish malevolence from incompetence ... in business and professional life we are more often concerned about the harmful effects of the latter"
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Langan, 1996
Why WCC is invisible: victims may be unaware, global nature makes them hard to police, often dealt with internally to avoid possible embsrsssment for the company, crimes often complex
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Machine and Mayr, 2012
The language of criminality is rarely fully present
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Box, 1983
Capitalism has created a 'mystification'... 'tip of the iceberg'
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Bonger
Capitalism promotes crime in the suites by fostering avarice
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Schrager
WC criminals are not exceptionally impulsive. Live beyond their means. Lower re-offence rates (can move on quickly)
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Karstedt and Farrall, 2007
Crimes of everyday life. "Erosion of moral standards". Law abiding majority? Report... Dispels myth that we are largely law abiding citizens. Finds we are increasingly engaging in criminal/shady activities, as form of resistance / socially acceptable
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Clinard and Yeager, 1980
Documentary study of corporate crime, found that law violations by large companies increased as financial performance deteriorated - suggests willingness to 'innovate' towards profit goals
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Sutherland, 1949
AETIOLOGY: differential association theory...crime learned from others
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Geis, 1967
Supports. Inividals joining companies where illegal price fixing prevalent are more likely to become involved
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Sykes and Matza, 1957
Techniques of neutralisation.
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Barak, 2012
30-40 million people affected by high risk taking of financial institutions in early 2000s
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Davis
Bankers who hire money hungry geniuses should not always express suprise and amazement when some of them turn around with brilliant, creative and illegal ways of making money
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Tombs, 2013
corporate crime does more harm than street crime. Enormous costs that are physical, environmental, and economic. Corporate crime is widespread, routine and pervasive
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Carrabine et al 2014
We entrust high-status professionals with our finances, health, security and personal info, and their status could given them the opportunity to abuse this trust
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Clinard et al, 1980
Recognises cultural element in corporate organisations ... wealth only accessible to some, 'Bonus culture', risk taking (Hirschi's 1990 general theory of deviance), long hours and corporate social events
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Messerschmidt, 1997
Crime as Structured Action. Class/gender/race relations ... importance of gender (specifically masculinities), in production of an organisational ambience conducive to crime.
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Matza
Looked at idea of delinquency and drift... young men drift in and out of crime at certain parts of their lives (inspired Katz)
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Apel and Paternoster, 2009
Adolescents with antisocial propensities prior to employment engaged in criminal behaviour at work
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Sutherland
Suggests WCC might create distrust in society... "The financial loss from WCC, great as it is, is less important than damage to social relations". "WC criminals violate trust/create distrust; lowers social morale and produces social disorganisations
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Peters and Welch, 1980; Moore and Mills, 1990), Shover et al, 1994)
Looked at impact of WCC on victim's trust in wider political/economic arenas. General finding that WCC has little, if any, effect upon victim's trust. However, studies fail to recognise that trust involves an element of risk and uncertainty
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

It is difficult to distinguish malevolence from incompetence ... in business and professional life we are more often concerned about the harmful effects of the latter"

Back

Nelkin

Card 3

Front

Why WCC is invisible: victims may be unaware, global nature makes them hard to police, often dealt with internally to avoid possible embsrsssment for the company, crimes often complex

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The language of criminality is rarely fully present

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Capitalism has created a 'mystification'... 'tip of the iceberg'

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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