Weimar historians

Eric Weitz on the abdication of the kaiser and Ebert

'(Ebert) was even willing to countenance the continuation of the monarchy as an institutio... but under the combined pressure of the Americans and popular revolt, there was no saving the imperial family'

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Eric Weitz on Ebert

'Ebert longed above all for an orderly and just transition of power'

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Eric Weitz on the flaws of the weimar constitution

'The proportional voting system contributed mightily to the political fragmentation of Weimar' , 'Deputies were far more dependant on their parties than on their constituencies' and 'powers granted to the president in emergency situations was too ext

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Eric Weitz on the society and how the consitiution could have worked

' a less divided society, and one with a more expansive commitment to democratic principles could have made the constitution work'

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Anthony McElligiott on Ebert

'Ebert was never able to garner the...unbidden trust of the population'

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Richard Evans on Ebert

'a calm, patient and subtle negotiator who always seemed to bring the different factions...together'

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Richard J Evans on the article 48

'(Ebert) made very extensive use of this power', 'There were virtually no effective safe guards against an abuse of Article 48 since the president could threaten to...dissolve the Reichstag'

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Eric Weitz on the TOV

Many 'claimed that refusal to sign would lead to a "temporary evil" but Germany would retain its honour...even if this meant the death of the german people'

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Anthony McElligiot on the war guilt clause

'Article 231...ascribed to Germany the responsibility of the war, thereby stigmatizing it as a warmonger deserving severe punishment'

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Eric Weitz on hyperinflation

'Germans carried suitcases and pushed wheelbarrows full of money- to buy a loaf of bread', 'on occasion crowds plundered stores and markets and paid what they throught were appropriate prices'

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Richard J Evans on positives of hyperinflation and industry

'The ability to borrow money to purchase goods...and the like, and pay it back when it was worth a fraction of its origional value, helped stimulate industrial recovery'

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Richars J Evans on reparations and their impact

(reparations) 'meant an additional drain on resources at a time when wartime debts still had to be paid and Germanys economic resources and domestic market had shrunk'

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Anthony McElligott on Hyperinflation causes

'faced with unspecific reparations demand and a revolutionary situation at home, the only choice left to government was to continue to borrow and simply print its way out of the crisis. As a result public debt continued its upward climb'

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Eric Weitz on the nature of the extreme right

'On the extreme right, a brand of politics emerged that idealised violence and racial anti-semetism'

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Eric Weitz on the ideology of the extreme right (anti-democracy)

'Their vision stood completely opposed to democracy: it was, instead , a fascost ethos that they espoused and practiced'

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Eric Weitz on paramilitary groups

they 'had not only engaged in violent suppressions of strikes and demonstrations; they were also active i eastern Eutope, fighting communists and...jews'

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Eric Weitz on the prospect of communist revolution

There was...political activism and radicalism and chaos in Germany but few prospects of a Bolshevik revolution'

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Richard Evans on assasinations

' an allaborate network of assassination aquads ...carried out political murderes all over Germany, including the killing of several leading Republican politicans'

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Anthony McElligott On the KPD

'these radicals were but a small group of revolutionary intellectuals on the political margins. But their message resonated with the everyday experiences of ordinary people'

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Eric Weitz on new currency

'In one fell swoop, the government established financial stablilty..to the grave disadvantage of large segments of the population'

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Eric Weitz on the dawes plan

'as a result, American capital flowed into Germany and fueled an economic expansion that gave Germans, at long last, hope for the future'

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Richard J evans on stresemanns policy of fufillment and the right

it 'did not earn him any plaudits from the nationalist right'

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Richard Evans on Women

'cities saw annual demonstrations in the streets for womens suffrege...with demands for sexual fulfilment, equal rights for unmarried mothers and free contraceptive advice'

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Richard Evans on critics of the golden age, women and freedom of sexuality

They linked everything to 'the looming decline of the family'

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Eric Weitz on Paul von Hindenburg

'Hindenburg was the embodiment of Prussian militarism', 'not the ideal president for a republic'

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Anna von Goltz on The stabbed in the back myth

'Hindenburgs popluar 'myth' literally embodied Weimars cultural identity'

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Eric Weitz on The policy of fufillment

'He was committed as anyone to overturning the hated Versailles system. Yet he believed the goal could be reached ...through Germanys meeting its treaty commtments and, at the same time, negotiation their revision'

27 of 34

Eric Weitz on Bruning and the depression

'He faced the looming bankrupcy of the entire government'

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Eric Weitz on the depression and its social effects

'many Germans blamed the crises they endured om the republic, on socialists, on jews'

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Richard J Evans on Hitlers Charisma in late 1920's

'His charisma was now reinforced by the leadership cult that had grown up around him within the party'

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Eric D Weitz on Bruning, papen and schleicher

9they) 'governed with the tollerance but not the support of the reichstag'

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Evans on Schliecher and the SA ban

'this would, thought schleicher, tame Nazi extreemism and...persuade the brownshirts to act as an auxiliary army@ but instead 'masses of stormtroopers flooded triumphantly back onto the streets, and beatings,pitched battles, woundings and killings'

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Weitz on Bruning and democracy

' a disaster to those Germans committed to a democracy'

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Evans on the enabling act

'a violation of the spirit of the constitution'

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Weimar historians

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