Weimar culture

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  • Created by: izzzyftz
  • Created on: 01-12-17 17:02
What were women's lives like in the Kaiserreich?
Could go to uni but very little getting degrees, the vast majority believed that a women's duty was to be wives and mothers, couldn't practice elite professions, couldn't vote, expected to cover most of their bodies, men were authoritative over them
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What is meant by the new woman?
pushed against societies limitations put on women - became an independent worker, more provocative clothing, shorter hairstyles, appeared in ore political demonstrations and gatherings, smoked.
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How did women's lives change?
over 100 women elected in Reichstag 1920, the new woman (appearance and attitude), declining birth rate due to contraception, many made their names in the arts, sharp increase in divorce rate, more working etc.
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How did women's lives not change?
Political parties didn't fully endorse women's rights, SPD opposed equal pay, most women who worked worked in low paid factory and office jobs, expected to do domestic work, abortions illegal, mothers day promoted, "kinder, kuche, kirche"
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How did women's lives improve?
Economically - shift from domestic work to industrial work was huge. Social - change in attitude (city women). Politically - got the vote, obtained seats. Education - more going onto further
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How did women's lives not improve?
Economically - wage differential. Social - still had attitude women belonged in the home, "double shifts", contraception and abortion frowned upon. Political - no. of seats declined towards end, pol. parties didn't fully endorse w. rights
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Ethnic minorities
Jews, assimilated jews, Poles and Danes, gypsies, blacks, eastern europeans
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How did lives of eth. minorities improve?
Mixed race people did fairly well, money. Danes and assimilated Jews were accepted. Constitution guaranteed minority rights. Jews had quite high paying jobs. Freedom of language and religion (article 113)
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How didn't lives of eth. minorities improve?
street insults, beatings, "polak" for Jews, Eastern Jews considered untrustworthy. Black shame - banned Jazz. Many judges anti-semitic, jews excluded from judiciary. Gypsies persecuted.
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Key changes in education
reduced religious control, abolition on elite prep schools and intro of grunschulen, more child-friendly types of teaching, less authoritarian, girls given greater access to high education.
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Ways education stayed the same
Class divide remained, universities not reformed (cultural snobbery persisted), schools divided on religious grounds, no national system of primary education imposed.
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The arts - jazz and theatre
Jazz - American influence, not welcomed as it was believed to dilute/weaken German culture. Theatre - Zietheatrer; experimental street theatre developed, controversial plays
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Architecture and design and literature
A&D - Bauhaus school by Walter Grpoius; geometric shapes with new materials. Inspired international wonder. Literature - anti war novels became popular; "AQOTWF"
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Art and Film
Art - Otto dix; expressionist, abstract designer, provocative art. No longer conservative and traditional. Film - Fritz lang (metropolis), expressionist science fiction, dystopian.
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Cabaret and Decadence
Cabaret - clubs that played randy, provocative music with dancers - bawdy songs and strippers. Night time shows, degenerate, sinful. Decadence - homosexual nightclubs, El Dorado, mostly city based, corruption.
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Main changes in Weimar culture
1. Expressionism; new styles/techniques in art, music etc. 2. Opening up onto international scale - US influence. 3. Liberalism, toleration, experimentation (sexual tolerance, ethnic diversity) 4. Art used as political criticism
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In what ways did German culture not change (range)
The main impact was in larger cities but rural areas were not exposed to significant change. E.g. radio reception was available in only 10% small villages. Unlikely to hear jazz music.
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In what ways did German culture not change (trad. culture)
Choral singing, folk dancing, church festivals and beer halls all thrived in Weimar years. More people involved in traditional activities than they were in expressionist, avant garde paintings.
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In what ways did German culture not change (developments before Weimar)
Not all experimental art started in 1919. Modernist architectural ideas using steel and glass had been introduced before war, however only in a marginal way.
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Card 2

Front

What is meant by the new woman?

Back

pushed against societies limitations put on women - became an independent worker, more provocative clothing, shorter hairstyles, appeared in ore political demonstrations and gatherings, smoked.

Card 3

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How did women's lives change?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

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How did women's lives not change?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

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How did women's lives improve?

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