Weimar and Nazi Germany

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  • Created by: cmegs
  • Created on: 04-10-18 21:21
What was the Policy of Fulfillment?
Cooperation with the Alies that would make them sympathetic to the Germans and would lead them to revise the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
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Who led the Centre Party from 1928?
Heinrich Bruning
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What was considered the most important educational reform between the years 1924-28?
The introduction of elementary schools that made it compulsory to attend a school for the first 4 years meaning that all children were learning hwo to read and write whoch led to more mixing of the classes
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How did Hugenburg protest against the Young Plan?
Wanted a Freedom Law- No war guilt clause and wanted to label anyone who supported it as a traitor but it was only supported by the NSDAP and the DNVP so it was easily over ruled by the Reichstag
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Who was Joesph Goebbels?
The key propagandist of the Nazi party from 1928-45, Gauleiter of Berlin and was extremely loyal to Hitler
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Who was Herman Muller?
Led the Grand Coalotion in 1928, a leading member of the SPD, foreign minister 1919-20, his cabinet fell due to the Wall Street Crash on the 20th of November 1929
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Who was Matthias Ezberger?
Deputy for the centre party in 1903, led the German delegation to sign the ToV in 1919 and was assassinated in 1921
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When was the Beerhall Putsch?
15-19th November 1923
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Who stood for president representing the Communist Party in 1925?
Ernst Thalmann
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How many coalition governments were there between November 1923-March 1930?
7
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Why did the Luther government collapse 1926?
Dispute over flags
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What was a gymnasium school?
A selective school that offered a classical education for 9 years and was manly attened by the MC and was very competitive
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Who led the Great Coalition?
Gustav Stresemann
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What did extreme left wing parties want to gain from the revolution?
A republican government that was ran by workers and soldiers councils
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What was the Ebert-Groener Pact?
An agreement between Ebert the head of the new intrim government and Groener who was head of the army. The army would support the left wing revolt if the army wouldn't be democratised
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Who were the USPD?
A breakaway from the SPD who wanted more radical socialist changes to government
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What post did Ebert take up in January 1919? (What about Scheidmann?)
Ebert became president and Scheidmann became Chancellor
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How did sailors in Keil respond to the rumors of a revolution?
Mutiny
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What is the idea of self determination?
Different nations should have the right to rule themselves
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What was Artcicle 48?
An element of the constitution that allowed the President to rule by decree in exceptional circumstances
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Who was Von Papen?
A member of the centre party, antidemocratic, appointed chancellor in 1932 by Hindenburg, committed back stairs intruige with Hitler against Von Schleicher
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Who did the 'stabbed in the back' theory appeal to the most?
Exsoldiers who felt as if the government had betrayed them after they were the ones who were fighting for the country
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What was a weakness of the Weimar Constitution?
Proportional representation meant smaller parties could be elected into the reichstag leading to more coalition governments and article 48 is undemocratic
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Name two German territories that were lost in the Treaty of Versailles
Alsace-Lorraine and Danzig
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What were the aims of President Wilson's 14 points
A basis for negotiated peace settlement that would deal fairly with the aftermath of war
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Why did Ludendorff support a partial democratisation of Germany's legal system?
He believed democracy was an obstacle to achieving fairer terms with the Allies
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Who led the Grand Coalition?
Hermann Muller
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Did the NSDAP put in a representative for the 1925 presidential election?
Yes General Ludendorff
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Why did the army remain undemocratic?
It was led by those of the Ruling Elite
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What was Bauhaus?
A school of art, design and photography, encouraged to break down class and social boundaries
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Who was Bertolt Brecht?
A left wing playwrite that invented the 3penny opera and attacked the middle class through satirical plays
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Who was Elsa Hermann?
A female journalist who stood for women's rights
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What impact did the Young Plan have on the Rhineland?
Britain and France withdrew all their troops
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Who was the economic expert who oversaw the measures to control inflation?
Hjalmar Schakt
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Which parties opposed the Dawes Plan?
The NSDAP and the DNVP
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What is an example of a moderate party?
The Centre Party
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Who founded the NSDAP?
Anton Drexler 1918
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What was the Cominterm?
A group that supported communist groups across the globe
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How where the Mittlestand affected by the economic problems of 1919 -1924?
Savings were lost and comfortable lifestyles were destroyed
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Which two groups did the NSDAP aim to appeal to in 1928?
Farmers and Protestants
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What happened to the Rhineland in the Treaty of Versailles?
It became permanently demilitarised
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Could the German army fight back against the Treaty of Versailles?
No, their troops were exhausted and they were running out of food and there was social and politcal unrest
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Which industries benefitted from American investments?
Transport and chemical
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What was compulsory arbitration?
An officator is brought in to settle debates
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Who said that Germany was dancing on a volcano?
Gustav Stresemann
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Give an example of a limitation in women's equality within politics?
There were no female member s of the Reichstag and there were no female leaders of political parties
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Which political parties were jews prominant in?
DDP, SPD, KPD (Left wing parties)
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How amny coalition governents were there between February 1919 and November 1923?
10
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Why did the Beerhall Putsch fail?
Failed to win support and the Nazi SA failed to get control of the army barracks
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What was the Reichswehr?
The German Army
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How did the civil code of 1896 restrict women's rights?
When married, men had all the power over matters of family life
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What was the national unemployment insurance system?
It provided benefits for the unemployed that was financed from contributions from workers and employers
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Who became Chancellor in October 1918? and who appointed him?
Prince Max of Baden by Kaiser Wilhelm II
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Who were Germany's largest political party in 1918?
The social democratic party (SPD)
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What is an example of one of Ludendorff's october reforms?
Appointing a Chancellor as head of the Reichstag
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What was the purpose of the revolution from above?
To save the Kaiser's rule but to aslo save Germany from humiliation
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Why was Ebert conscious that his government lacked legitimacy?
It hadnt been democratically elected
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What did General Groener tell the Kaiser?
The armies would no longer fight for him
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When did the SPD members ask workers to strike in Berlin?
9th November 1918
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How did Max attempt to control the situation of the revolution?
He told Ebert that the kasier had abdicated when he hadnt yet
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What did Philipp Schiedmann do on the 9th of November?
Announced the premature abdication of the Kaiser the people of Berlin and declared the existence of the German republic
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Why did General Ludendorff think defeat was inevitable?
The soldiers would no longer fight, german forces were in retreat and peace terms were being negotiated
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What is a soviet?
A workers council
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What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
A peace treaty between Germany and Russia made in March 1918
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Why were Germany's territorial losses a contientious issue?
Other countries had been given the right of self determination but Germany had not
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Card 2

Front

Who led the Centre Party from 1928?

Back

Heinrich Bruning

Card 3

Front

What was considered the most important educational reform between the years 1924-28?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How did Hugenburg protest against the Young Plan?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who was Joesph Goebbels?

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