Weather and Climate 0.0 / 5 ? GeographyWeather systemsHot and cold environmentsClimateA2/A-levelOther Created by: SaskiaJuddCreated on: 06-05-19 10:07 Troposphere 0-10 Km (varies at poles and equator), -6.4 C temp change per 1000 Km, Upper boundary = Tropopause 1 of 49 Stratosphere ~10-30 Km, 60 C increase with height, Ozone, Upper boundary = Stratopause 2 of 49 Mesosphere ~30-50 Km, rapid fall in temp. with height, upper boundary = Mesopause 3 of 49 Thermosphere ~50-90 Km, rapid increase with height 4 of 49 Where does the weather occur?? Troposphere, 75% of total atmosphere mass 5 of 49 What is atmospheric pressure measured in?? Millibars 6 of 49 What 3 Gases make up 99% of the atmosphere?? Nitrogen-78.08%, oxygen-20.945%, argon-0.934% 7 of 49 How much insolation reaches Earth's surface and is absorbed?? ~1/2 8 of 49 What is Latent heat?? Energy involved when water changes from one state to another 9 of 49 What is sensible heat?? Transfer of heat through conduction and convection 10 of 49 How much insolation is absorbed/reflected by the atmosphere 23% absorbed, 31% reflected 11 of 49 Angle of incidence Equator = 90, 60 N/S = 30 (only half the energy) 12 of 49 What are the latitudinal heat budgets?? 35 N to 35 S - Positive energy balance, Above 35 N/S - Negative energy balance 13 of 49 Which way are the winds deflected in the Southern Hemisphere?? Left 14 of 49 Which way are the winds deflected in the Northern Hemisphere?? Right 15 of 49 Which was do winds spiral in to low pressure systems?? Anti-clockwise 16 of 49 Which was do winds spiral in to high pressure systems?? Clockwise 17 of 49 What are the max and min temps. for Vancouver?? High = 22C, Low = 0 C 18 of 49 What are the max and min temps. for Winnipeg?? High = 25 C, Low = -25C 19 of 49 What is specific heat capacity?? Amount of heat to raise 1gm of substance by 1C 20 of 49 What is the SHC of water?? 4.184 Joules 21 of 49 What is the SHC of Land?? 1 Joules 22 of 49 How far above sea level are Manchester, The Pennines and Lincoln?? 1000, 1500 and 600 m 23 of 49 Equatoral Climate Zone 25-35 N/S, Hotter months only 2/3 C warmer, night and day vary only slightly 24 of 49 Arid Climate Zone 45 C in day and below freezing at night, subtropical continents 25 of 49 Mediterranean Climate Zone Sometimes dangerous temps of >45C, low summer rainfall 26 of 49 Snow Climate Zone Higher North latitude, short summers, Largest terrestrial ecosystem, land doesn't thaw in summer (-15C) 27 of 49 Polar Climate Zone Coldest temps on earth, Antarctica - under 3 Km of ice, Arctic -30C winters, Antarctica -80C and drier than most desserts 28 of 49 Temperate Climate Zone Range of climates, 30-40C summers or 25-45C some wet all year and have maritime temps. 29 of 49 Which direction do the cells shift in June and December?? June = North, December = South 30 of 49 Mongu, Zambia May - September - no rain, Peak ~22cm in January 31 of 49 Abeche, Chad Rains April to October, Peak ~20cm in November, November to May basically no rain 32 of 49 When is the dry season in the Indian Monsoon?? February to May 33 of 49 How much rainfall is at the Western Ghats?? ~1500 mm 34 of 49 How much rainfall is in the wettest place in India?? >2000 mm (near Himalayas) 35 of 49 What direction is the wind going in the Summer Monsoon?? Inland (winter reverse) 36 of 49 How much cooler is the ocean than the land?? 20 C cooler 37 of 49 How much and when is the rain in the summer monsoon?? 300 - 700 mm, June to August (90% of yearly rain) 38 of 49 New Dehli climate June to September - rainy, highest 200mm, 8 dry months, 16-34 C 39 of 49 UK climate Temperate, 5-20 C, high humidity, 800 mm rainfall 40 of 49 How much does it rain in the UK?? ~130 days, 1/3 days, some areas 100 some 200, Driest = St. Osyth - 507 mm, Wettest = Snowdonia and Lake District - >3000mm 41 of 49 What direction is the majority of the UKs wind from?? ~35% SW 42 of 49 Tropical Continental air mass North Africa, >30C in day (15-20C at night) 43 of 49 Tropical maritime air mass Atlantic, mild, low cloud and drizzle 44 of 49 Polar continental air mass Central Europe, very cold dry air, -10C at night, sea distance dependant 45 of 49 Polar maritime air mass Most common in Britain, Canada and Greenland (Arctic sea), frequent showers, sea distance dependant 46 of 49 Arctic maritime air mass North Pole and Arctic Ocean, heavy showers, very low temps 47 of 49 Returning Polar maritime air mass Polar maritime but longer sea travel, largely dry and can be extreme and unstable 48 of 49 What is the Polar front?? Meeting point of the polar and ferrel cells 49 of 49
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