Male and Female Peer Groups reinforce gender appropriate behaviour and punish behaviour seemed as belonging to opposite gender. E.g. boys are called 'gay' for doing work (Mac & Ghail, Paetcher) Reay found group loyalty reinforced behaviour.
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Nike Identities
Archer - Schools impose a form of symbolic violence against working class whose identities are shaped by wearing designer sportswear. School reject these students which forces working class to see education as not being for them.
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School Environment
Reay - Working class students identify themselves as being unworthy of attending high achieving schools and associate themselves as only good enough to attend poor schools. The school is poor, therefore they must be poor.
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Ethnocentric Curriculum
Focus on 'little Englandism' (Ball) leads to many minority ethnic groups feeling rejected by the education system.
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Aspects of ethnocentrism
focus on Christian Holidays, school meals, uniform not allowing cultural variations, illustration of minority ethnic cultures as in need of civilisation by West (Coard)
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Subject Choice
Schools reinforced gender stereotypes in subject choices - pushing girls to expressive subjects and boys to instrumental ones - this reinforces gender identity. Can also be achieved through stereotypical images within school
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Uniform
Uniform reinforces gender roles as girls expected to wear skirts and blouses and boys trousers and ties. Can also shape class identity with schools demanding certain standards of dress or pupils being sent home
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Sub-cultures
Rejection by school can lead working class and minority ethnic groups to identify as being anti-authority in all walks of life. Examples - Fuller, Willis, Sewell
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Labelling
Positive and Negative labelling impacts of self esteem and self image. Students labelled negatively may assume that academic achievement is not part of their identity and therefore looks towards more vocational course in the future
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Archer - Schools impose a form of symbolic violence against working class whose identities are shaped by wearing designer sportswear. School reject these students which forces working class to see education as not being for them.
Back
Nike Identities
Card 3
Front
Reay - Working class students identify themselves as being unworthy of attending high achieving schools and associate themselves as only good enough to attend poor schools. The school is poor, therefore they must be poor.
Back
Card 4
Front
Focus on 'little Englandism' (Ball) leads to many minority ethnic groups feeling rejected by the education system.
Back
Card 5
Front
focus on Christian Holidays, school meals, uniform not allowing cultural variations, illustration of minority ethnic cultures as in need of civilisation by West (Coard)
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