Water on the land-Glossary 0.0 / 5 ? GeographyWater on the landGCSEAQA Created by: JordssCreated on: 25-04-14 17:17 Source Where the river begins 1 of 47 Mouth Where the river ends 2 of 47 Tributaries Smaller rivers 3 of 47 Confluence Tributaries joining the main river 4 of 47 Drainage basin Area drained by its river and tributaries 5 of 47 Channel Area which contains the river 6 of 47 Discharge Volume of water passing through a river per second and is measured in cumes 7 of 47 V shaped valley Steep sided, narrow valley caused by vertical erosion found in the upper course 8 of 47 Upper course Found in the mountains and hills 9 of 47 Interlocking spurs Hard rock which the river flows around 10 of 47 Hydronic action Force of the water breaks rock particles away from the river channel 11 of 47 Abrasion River carries particles of sand and silt and moves pebbles and boulders at high flow, the material rubs against the bed and banks wearing it away 12 of 47 Solution River water dissolves some type of rock i.e. chalk and limestone 13 of 47 Attrition Eroded rocks picked up by the river and smash into one another and break into small fragments 14 of 47 Transportation Traction Large particles bounced along the river bed by the force of the water 15 of 47 Saltation Pebble sized particles bounced along the river bed by the force of the water 16 of 47 Suspension Small particles like silt and clay are carried along by the water 17 of 47 Solution Soluble materials dissolve in the water and are carried along 18 of 47 Waterfall Steep drop in the course of a river 19 of 47 Gorge Waterfall retreats to create a steep sided gorge 20 of 47 Plunge pool Area found directly below the plunge pool 21 of 47 Meander Bend in the river 22 of 47 River cliff Steep sided bank on the side of a river caused by erosion 23 of 47 Slip off slope Gentle slope where sand and pebbles are deposited 24 of 47 Ox bow lake Semi circular lake on the floodplain of a river 25 of 47 Flood plain Wide valley floor either side of the river 26 of 47 Meander migration Meanders moving across the flood plain to make it wider 27 of 47 Levees Natural embankments (raised bits) along the edges of a river 28 of 47 Hydrograph Graph to show discharge at a certain point over time 29 of 47 Peak discharge Highest discharge over the time you have been looking at 30 of 47 Lag time Delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge 31 of 47 Rising limb Increase in river discharge as rainwater flows into the river 32 of 47 Falling limb Decrease in river discharge as river returns to normal level 33 of 47 Impermeable Rock that doesn't allow water to soak through it 34 of 47 Porous Rock with spaces between particles 35 of 47 Deforestation Cutting down trees 36 of 47 Urbanisation Increase in the proportion of people living in the cities, resulting their growth 37 of 47 Flashy Hydrograph that responds quickly to a period of rain so characteristics are high peak and short lag time 38 of 47 Relief Height and shape of the land 39 of 47 Flood Where a river bursts it's banks 40 of 47 Hard engineering Man made structure built to control a river from flooding 41 of 47 Soft engineering Schemes using the knowledge of a river to reduce the chances of flooding 42 of 47 Dams and reservoirs Huge walls across a river with an artificial lake (dam) behind it 43 of 47 Channel straightening A rivers course is straightened- meanders are cut out 44 of 47 Flood warning TV, newspaper and radio broadcasts put out by environment agency 45 of 47 Preparation Buildings modified to prepare for floods 46 of 47 Flood plain zoning Restrictions to prevent building on parts of the river 47 of 47
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