The force of the river against the banks can cause air to be trapped in cracks and crevices. The pressure weakens the banks and gradually wears it away.
1 of 35
Abrasion
Rocks carried along by the river wear down the river bed and banks.
2 of 35
Attrition
Rocks being carried by the river smash together and break into smaller, smoother and rounder particles.
3 of 35
Solution (Erosion)
Soluble particles are dissolved into the river.
4 of 35
Solution (Transport)
Minerals are dissolved in the water and carried along in solution.
5 of 35
Suspension
Fine light material is carried along in the water.
6 of 35
Saltation
Small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bed.
7 of 35
Traction
Large boulders and rocks are rolled along the river bed.
8 of 35
Deposition
When a river loses energy, it will drop or deposit some of the material it is carrying.
9 of 35
Erosion
Erosion involves the wearing away of rock and soil found along the river bed and banks. Erosion also involves the breaking down of the rock particles being carried downstream by the river.
10 of 35
Transport
Rivers pick up and carry material as they flow downstream.
11 of 35
Upper courses include...
Upper course river features include steep-sided V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, rapids, waterfalls and gorges.
12 of 35
Middle courses include...
Middle course river features include wider, shallower valleys, meanders, and oxbow lakes.
13 of 35
Lower courses include...
Lower course river features include wide flat-bottomed valleys, floodplains and deltas.
14 of 35
Meanders
In the middle course the river has more energy and a high volume of water. The gradient here is gentle and lateral (sideways) erosion has widened the river channel. The river channel has also deepened. A larger river channel means there is less frict
15 of 35
Oxbow lake
Upstream a large bend becomes a horseshoe and is eventually cut-off to become an oxbow lake. Downstream the river is eroding its outer bank and depositing on its inner bank to create a new meander.
16 of 35
LEDC
Less economically developed country
17 of 35
MEDC
A more economically developed country
18 of 35
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance human life.
19 of 35
Floodplain
An area around the river which is covered in times of flooding.
20 of 35
Levee
Ridges or banks formed by deposits of alluvium left behind by the periodic flooding of rivers. Can also be artificially constructed banks or walls.
21 of 35
The hydrological cycle
Also known as the water cycle.
22 of 35
Evaporation
The process in which a liquid changes state and turns into a gas.
23 of 35
Condensation
A change of state in which gas becomes liquid by cooling.
24 of 35
Drainage basin
the area of land drained by a river
25 of 35
Catchment area
the area within the drainage basin
26 of 35
Watershed
the edge of highland surrounding a drainage basin and it marks the boundary between two drainage basins
27 of 35
Source
the beginning or start of a river
28 of 35
Confluence
the point at which two rivers or streams join
29 of 35
Tributary
a stream or smaller river which joins a larger stream or river
30 of 35
Mouth
the point where the river comes to the end, usually when entering a sea
31 of 35
Alluvium
The sediment deposited by rivers. Also known as silt.
32 of 35
Ground flow water
this is the movement of water sideways through the soil
33 of 35
Transpiration
Where the water goes up through the plants and is released into the air through the leaves
34 of 35
Precipitation
Water in any form that comes from the clouds (e.g. - snow, rain, sleet, hail)
35 of 35
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Rocks carried along by the river wear down the river bed and banks.
Back
Abrasion
Card 3
Front
Rocks being carried by the river smash together and break into smaller, smoother and rounder particles.
Back
Card 4
Front
Soluble particles are dissolved into the river.
Back
Card 5
Front
Minerals are dissolved in the water and carried along in solution.
Comments
No comments have yet been made