The volume of water flowing in a river per second, measured in Cumecs.
Discharge
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All forms of moisture that reaches the Earth's Surface
Precipitation
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The loss of water from a drainage basin into the atmosphere from the leaves of plants + loss from evaporation
Evapotranspiration
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The transformation of water droplets into water vapour by heating
Evaporation
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The total volume of water held on the Earth's surface in lakes, ponds and puddles.
Surface Storage
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The storage of water underground in permeable rocks
Groundwater Storage
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The downward movement of water into the soil surface.
Infiltration
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The gravity flow of water within soil.
Percolation
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The movement of water over the surface of the land, usually when the ground is saturated or frozen or when precipitation is too intense for infiltration to occur.
Overland Flow
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The movement of water down slope within the soil layer.
Throughflow
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The deeper movement of water through the underlying rocks
Groundwater Flow
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Rivers are constantly changing over time to reach a state of balance with the processes that determine their form. As the flows of energy and materials passing through a river system vary, the river changes to move towards this equilibrium.
Dynamic Equilibrium
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The prevention of rain reaching the Earth's surface by trees and plants.
Interception
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The process by which water vapour is converted into water.
Condensation
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The movement of water within the river channel
Channel Flow
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The total amount of water, including vapour, in an unsaturated soil.
Soil Moisture
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A graph showing for a given point on a stream the discharge, depth, velocity, or other property of water with the respect to a time. A graphical representation of a stream discharge during a storm or flood event.
Hydrograph
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A temporary excess of water which spills over the land.
Flood
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Water that reaches the channel largely through slow throughflow and form permeable rock below the water table
Baseflow
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Water that reaches the channel largely through runoff. This may be a combination of overland flow and rapid throughflow.
Storm Flow
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The ratio of the cross-sectional area of a channel and the length of its perimeter
Hydraulic Radius
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The portion of the perimeter of a stream channel cross-section that is in contact with water.
Wetted Perimeter
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The total length of the bed and the bank sides in contact with the water in the channel.
Cross-Sectional Area
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The reduction and rounding of particles of sediment carried in water by repeated collision with each other and banks/the bed.
Attrition
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The wearing away of the banks or bed by sediment carried by the river.
Abrasion/Corrasion
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Includes the dissolving of carbonate rocks in water which help certain rocks disintegrate (Chemical Erosion).
Corrosion
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The curving nature of a meander described as actual channel length/straight-line distance.
Sinuosity
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Changes in sea level resulting from the rise and fall of land masses.
Isostatic
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Changes in sea level induced by variations in the amount of water in the oceans.
Eustatic
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The time interval at which particular levels of flooding occur.
Recurrence Interval
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How often floods occur.
Frequency
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The size of a flood.
Magnitude
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
All forms of moisture that reaches the Earth's Surface
Back
Precipitation
Card 3
Front
The loss of water from a drainage basin into the atmosphere from the leaves of plants + loss from evaporation
Back
Card 4
Front
The transformation of water droplets into water vapour by heating
Back
Card 5
Front
The total volume of water held on the Earth's surface in lakes, ponds and puddles.
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